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generation" of toilets offered as much as 50% water savings over previous models. The 1.6 gpf ULV toilets were first introduced to the American market in the '70s but with limited styles, availability and reliability. By the mid 1980s, ULVs were being manufactured on a large scale with changes to satisfy the American market. Now the majority of the ULVs are American made and have gained rapid acceptance nationwide. Toilet flushing comprises between 40% and 45% of all indoor water use UL V toilets use 1. 6 gallons of water per flush, a savings of 54 % over conventional toilets SPECIAL CONSIDERA nONS Replacing an existing tank-type toilet with a ULV may requires special attention. The following points should be considered before making a selection. I. Does the new toilet have the same floor flange to wall dimensions as the existing toilet? Commonly referred to as the "rough-in" dimensions, they may vary from 10" to 14". A standard size rough-in is 12 inches. 2. Is the location of the existing water supply valve compatible with the requirements of the new toilet? This is not typically a major problem, but the position of existing valve may pose a problem and need to be moved. 3. How was the existing floor finished, (ie carpet or tile) in relation to the toilet setting? Note whether the floor finish was installed around the existing flange outlet or if it was finished only to the foot print of the existing toilet. The foot print of new toilets will most likely be smaller than the existing toilet. After installation, the floor finish may need to be adjusted. 4. Have there been previous or occasional sewer back-ups with the existing tojlet? When ULVs are installed, they are often blamed for sewer back-ups when in fact they may have previously occurred with the original toilet. Back-ups are typically associated with sewer lines designed with a pitch exceeding 1/4" per foot. A preventative maintenance program may be needed to address this problem. 5. Has vandalism ever been a problem with existing toilets? If so, installing a UL V will not change the situation. Some options for occasional vandaled toilets include a mechanical chase or stainless steel fixtures. Any remedy is obviously a site specific concern. MAINTENANCE There are many manufactures of tank-type UL V toilets. A manufacturers list appears at the back of this guide. To help in selecting a model, consider requesting hydraulic performance data from manufacturers. The following maintenance criteria should also be considered.