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• houndstongue (0.2 percent average total cover, 80% frequency) and Canada thistle (no <br />measurable cover, 40% frequency). <br />Total average vegetation cover, for first hits, was 33.6 percent. Total average vegetation cover, <br />for all hits, was 34.8 percent. Standing dead, litter, bare soil, and rock each had 0.2, 6.4, 59.2, <br />and 0.6 percent cover, respectively. Average species density was 27.4 species per 100 sq.m. <br />Reference Areas <br />ASPEN REFERENCE AREA <br />(Photographs 32-41 in Appendix 5) <br />Cover <br />(Table 8) <br />Native perennial forbs were most abundant, contributing 73.0 percent toward the total 152.4 <br />percent vegetation cover (all hits). Within this group, western aniseroot (Osmorhiza occidentalis), <br />mountain bluebells (Mertensia ciliata), and serrate groundsel (Senecio serra) were most <br />extensive, having 19.3, 12.0, and 11.1 percent cover (all hits), respectively. Native shrubs <br />• composed 38.4 percent all-hit cover. Saskatoon serviceberry (Amelanchier alnifolia), mountain <br />snowberry, and chokecherry were the dominant native shrubs with 18.1, 14.4, and 4.5, percent <br />all-hit cover, respectively. Native perennial cool season grasses, provided 10.5 percent cover, of <br />which most was blue wildrye (Elymus glaucus), with 7.7 percent all hit cover. Quaking aspen <br />(Populus tremuloides) was an important component of the vegetation, contributing 28.8 percent <br />all-hit vegetation cover. In general, this area had high cover values because of the prevalence of <br />shrubs and trees. Because of the existence of tree, shrubs and herbaceous layers, all-hit cover <br />data summed to a total percent cover of greater than one hundred. <br />Total average vegetation cover, for first hits, was 92.9 percent. Total average vegetation cover, <br />for all hits, was 152.4 percent. Standing dead, litter, and bare soil, each had 0.5, 5.1, and 1.6 <br />percent cover, respectively (first hits). Average species density was 28.6 species per 100 sq.m. <br />Production <br />(Table 9) <br />Total average production was 1477.5 Ibs per acre. Native perennial forbs contributed the majority <br />to production with 1247.3 Ibs per acre. Native perennial cool season grasses contributed an <br />average production of 198.1 Ibs per acre. Introduced annual and biennial forbs and introduced <br />perennial forbs were also present, each with less than 30 pounds per acre. <br />• <br />9