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• alluvium derived dominantly from shale. Elevation is 6,800 to 8,200 feet. <br />The average annual precipitation is 16 to 18 inches, the average annual air <br />temperature is 37 to 40 degrees F, and the frost-free season is 40 to 65 days. <br />Typically, the surface layer is grayish brown silty clay loam about <br />4 inches thick. The subsoil is grayish brown clay about 22 inches thick. The <br />substratum to a depth of 60 inches or more is light brownish gray clay. <br />Included in this unit are small areas of Aaberg silty clay. <br />Permeability of this Binco soil is very slow. Effective rooting depth is <br />60 inches or more. Available water capacity is moderate. Runoff is rapid, <br />and the hazard of water erosion is high. <br />This unit is used for livestock grazing and wildlife habitat. <br />The potential plant community on this unit is mainly western wheatgrass, <br />• prairie junegrass, bottlebrush squirreltail, and alkali sagebrush. Other <br />plants that characterize this unit are Nevada bluegrass, onion, and Vasey <br />rabbitbrush. The average annual production of air-dry vegetation is about <br />500 pounds. <br />If the range is overgrazed, the proportion of preferred forage plants <br />decreases and the proportion of less preferred forage plants increase. There- <br />fore, livestock grazing should be managed so that the desired balance of <br />preferred species is maintained in the plant community. <br />Management practices suitable for use on this unit are proper range use, <br />deferred grazing, and rotation grazing. Slope limits access by livestock and <br />results in overgrazing of the less sloping areas. Trails or walkways can be <br />constructed in places to encourage livestock to graze in areas where access is <br />limited. <br />If this unit is used for homesite development, the main limitations are <br />• slope, shrink-swell potential, and very slow permeability. If buildings are <br />constructed on the soil in this unit, properly designing foundations and <br />Ex. 16-21 <br />