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06032 <br />Banks and Gesso, LLC <br />99-Nunn clay loam, / to 8 percent elopes. This <br />deep, gently sloping end motleretely sloping, well <br />drained soil is on alluvial fens and toe slopes. II formed <br />In mixetl clayey allwlum. Elevaton ranges from about <br />5,300 to 6,400 feet. Average annual precipltetion ranges <br />from about 14 to 17 Inches, average annual air tempera- <br />ture is about 47 degrees F, and average frost-free period <br />is about 135 days. <br />Included with this soil in mapping are small areas of <br />Ascalon Bandy loam and Kutch clay loam that have 4 to <br />e percent slopes. <br />Typically, the surtace layer Is grayish brown clay loam <br />about a inches thick. The subsoil is greyish brown heavy <br />Clay Idflm, Clay, end silty Clay to a tlepth of about 40 <br />inches thick. The substratum is light brownish grey sandy <br />loam to a depth of about 55 inches and light olive brown <br />silty clay to a tlepth of 60 inches. <br />Permeability is slow, end eveileble water capacity is <br />high. Surtace runoff is metlium, end the hazard of ero- <br />sion is moderate. Gullies have formed along some drein- <br />ageweys. <br />This soil is used mainly for grazing. A few areas are <br />used for nonirrigeted cropland, and wheat is the mein <br />crop. The estimated yield for wheat is about 16 bushels <br />per acre. Many areas Met were previously cropped have <br />been seeded to grass. This soil is well suited to grazing <br />because of slow permeability end the moderate hazard <br />of erosion. <br />Rangeland vegetation Is mainly western wheetgrass, <br />blue grams, green needlegrass, end fourwing saltbush. <br />Following prolongetl overgrazing, native bluegresses, <br />annual grasses, end weeds increase. Contour furrowing <br />ar pitting aids in the recovery of depleted vegetation by <br />reducing runoff antl Increasing water infiltration. Areas <br />that have dense stands of pricklypear or rebhitbrush can <br />be managed by chemical control of these species. <br />On nonimigated cropland, the mein concerns of man- <br />agement are conserving moisture and protecting the soil <br />from erosion. Stubble mulch tillage end Incorporating <br />crop residue in end on the surface improve soil glth end <br />protect the soil from erosion. Terracing end contour <br />farming are needed to reduce surtace runoff end con- <br />serve water. Chiseling or subsoiling improve water pene- <br />tration. Tillage pans form easity if this soil is tilled when <br />wet. More intensive conservation practices ere essential <br />on this soil because of slope. Tillage operations need to <br />be kept to a minimum. <br />This soil is well suited to windbreaks end environmen- <br />tal plantings. Summer fellow, a year prior to plandng: <br />supplemental irrigation during planting end early stages <br />of growth; and continuetl cultivation for weed control ere <br />needed to insure the establishment end survival of plant- <br />ings. well suited trees that survive bast are Rocky Moun- <br />tain juniper, eastern retlcedar, ponderosa pine, Siberian <br />elm, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The best suited <br />shrubs are skunkhush sumac, American plum, lilac, and <br />Siberian peashrub. <br />The limiting soil features for homesites and other <br />urban uses are slow permeability end high shrink-swell <br />potential. Special designs for buildings and roads are <br />needed to offset these limitations. Special sewage sys- <br />tems, such as enclosed tanks that can be pumped out <br />penodicalty, are needetl. Septic tank absorption fields <br />will not function properly because of the slow permeabil- <br />ity. <br />This soil i9 in capahiliry subclass IVs, nonirtigeted. <br />39-Renohlll-Louvlara complex, a to 25 DarceM <br />alol»a. These moderatey tleep and shallow, motleretety <br />sloping to moderately steep, well drained sails are on <br />upland hills, ridges, antl valley sitle slopes. Elevation <br />ranges from 5,300 to 8,400 feet. Average annual precipi- <br />tation ranges from about 14 to 17 inches, antl average <br />annual air temperature is about 47 degrees F. The Reno- <br />hlll soil makes up about 40 percent of the unit end the <br />Louviers soil about 30 percent. The Renohlll soil is on <br />the valley side slopes end the wider ridgetops. The Lou- <br />viers soil is generally on the narrow ritlgetops, slope <br />breaks, and knobs but may be found anywhere in the <br />mapped area. <br />Included with this complex in mapping, and making up <br />about 30 percent of the unit ere Cushman loam end <br />Nunn clay loam that have 4 to 6 percent slopes. Also <br />included are steep, badly eroded areas that have very <br />sparse vegetation and contain an intricate maze of <br />narrow ravines, sharp crests, end pinnacles. <br />The Renohlll soil is moderately tleep end formed in <br />residuum weathered from interbedded sandstone end <br />shale. Typically, the surtace layer is grayish brown clay <br />loam about 2 inches thick. The subsoil is greyish brown, <br />light olive brown, antl light yellowish brown clay antl clay <br />loam. It is calcareous in the lower part. Below that is <br />interbedded sandstone end clay shale at a depth of <br />about 24 inches. <br />Permeability is slow, end available water capacity is <br />moderate. The etteaive rooting tlepth i9 20 to 40 Inches. <br />Surface runoff is rapid, and the hazard of erosion is high. <br />The Louviers soil is shallow end formed In material <br />weathered from noncalcareous shale. Typically, the sur• <br />face layer is light brownish gray clay about 5 inches <br />thick. The subsbatum Is greyish brown clay to a depth of <br />about 14 inches. Below that is clay shale. <br />Permeability is slow, and available water capacity is <br />low. The eHecgve rooting depth is 10 to 20 inches. <br />Surface runoff is rapid, end the hazard of erosion is high. <br />These soils are used mostly for grazing. A few open <br />clay mines are in this mapped area. <br />Rangeland vegetation is mainly western wheetgrass, <br />little bluestem, needleandthread, blue grams, green <br />naedlegrass wintertel, and sideoats grams. Following <br />prolonged overgrazing, native bluegresses, annual <br />grasses, end weeds increase. Contour furrowing or pit- <br />ting aids in the recovery of depleted vegetation on these <br />soils by reducing runoff and increasing water infiltration. <br />Areas that have dense stands o1 pricklypear or rabbit- <br />brush can be managed by chemical control of these <br />species. <br />These soils are generally unsuitetl to windbreaks or <br />environmental plantings. Onsite investigation is generally <br />needed to determine which special planting precdces are <br />needetl to insure survival. <br />These soils have severe limitations for the constmc- <br />gon of homeskes, roads, and other urban developments <br />because of the depth to bedrock, slow permeability, high <br />shrink-swell potential, low strength, and slopes. Intensive <br />and costly measures are nestled to minimize these limit- <br />ing soil properties. <br />This complex is in cepebiliry.subclass Vlle, noninigat- <br />ed. <br />The Denver Brick Company <br />Kiowa Clay Mine <br />January 2007 <br />Page 19 <br />