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06032 <br />Banks and Gesso. LLC <br />16-Cushman-Kutch complex, a to 25 percent <br />elopes. These moderately deep, well drained, moderate- <br />ly sloping to moderately steep soils are on upland hills, <br />ridges, end side sopes. Elevation ranges from about <br />5,300 to 6,400 feet. Average annual precipitation ranges <br />from about 14 to 17 inches, average annual air tempera- <br />ture is about 47 tlegrees F, end average frost-tree period <br />is about 135 days. The Cushman soil makes up about 50 <br />percent of this unit and the Kutch soil about 30 perrenL <br />Included with this complex in mapping, and making up <br />about 20 percent of the unit, are Ascalon sandy loam, 4 <br />to 6 percent slopes; Renohill-Louviers complex, B to 25 <br />percent slopes; sandy soils that ere similar to the Teny <br />soils meppetl in EI Paso County; end sandstone outcrops <br />(fig. 5). <br />The Cushman soil formed in Calcareous material <br />weathered from interbetltled she(e antl sandstone. Typi- <br />cally, the surface layer is pale brown loam about 4 <br />inches thick. The subsoil is grayish brown clay loam to a <br />tlepth of about 20 inches. The substratum is light brown- <br />ish gray silty clay to a tlepth of about 34 inches. Below <br />that is alive interbedded shale end sandstone. <br />Permeability is moderate, end available water capacity <br />is low to moderate. The effective rooting tlepth is 20 to <br />40 inches. SuAace runoff is medium, and the hazard of <br />erasion is motlerate to high. Deep gullies have formed <br />along some dreinageways and stock !rails. <br />The Kutch soils formetl in fine textured calcareous <br />material weathered from clay shale. Typically, the sur- <br />face layer is greyish brown clay loam about 4 inches <br />thick. The subsoil is greyish brown and light olive brown <br />clay to a depth of about 22 inches. It is calcareous in the <br />lower pflrt. The substratum is greyish brown clay to a <br />depth of about 30 inches. Below that is gray and olive <br />shale. <br />Permeability is slow, and available water capacity is <br />motlerate. The effective rooting depm is 20 to 40 inches. <br />SuAace runoff is medium to rapid, and the hazard of <br />erosion is moderate. Some gullying has taken place in <br />narrow drainageways. <br />These soils ere used mainly for grazing. They have <br />poor potential for cropland and for windbreaks and envi- <br />ronmental plantings. The Cushman soil has fair to poor <br />potential for most engineering uses, antl the Kutch soil <br />nos poor potential. <br />Rangeland vegetation on the Cushman soil is mainly <br />blue grams, needlegrasses, praise junegress, sideoats <br />grams, antl western wheatgrass. When range condition <br />deteriorates. grasses such as blue grams antl native <br />auegresses increase. Sleepygrass and annuals replace <br />these grasses In a seriously deteriorated range. <br />Seeding the range is recommended to revegetate tle- <br />pleted areas in order to protect me soil from wind end <br />water erosion. Beetling to native grasses is desirable, but <br />the range may also be seeded with tame species o1 <br />grasses, such as Nortlan crested wheatgrass, Russian <br />wildrye, pubescent wheatgrass, or intermediate wheat- <br />grass. <br />Rangeland vegetation on the Kutch soil consists of <br />western wheatgrass, blue grams, green needlegress, si- <br />tleoats grams, and setlge. Contour furrowing or pitting <br />aids in the recovery of deplatetl vegetation on this soil <br />by reducing runoff antl increasing water infiltration. Areas <br />that have dense stands of pricklypear or rabbitbrush can <br />be managed by chemical control. <br />These soils ere generally not suited to windbreaks or <br />environmental plantings. Onsite investigation is needetl <br />to tletermine which special planting practices are needed <br />to insure survival. <br />The main limiting soil features of these soils, where <br />they era used for homesites or other urban uses, are [he <br />presence or sandstone and shale at a depM of 20 to 40 <br />inches, shrink-swell potential, slow permeability, and <br />steep slopes. Intensive antl costy measures are naetled <br />to oHSet these limitations. <br />This complex is in capability subclass Vle, nonirngated. <br />36-Kutch clay loam, 4 to 8 percent slopes. This <br />moderately deep, genty sloping and moderately sloping, <br />well drained sail is on upland hills, ridges, antl valley side <br />elopes. It formed in tine textured calcareous materiel <br />weathered from clay shale. Elevation renges (ram about <br />5,300 to 6,400 feet. Average annual precipitation ranges <br />from 14 to 17 inches, average annual air temperature is <br />about 47 tlegrees F, end average frost-free penatl is <br />about 135 days. <br />Inaudetl with this sal in mapping are Smell areas of <br />Nunn clay loam antl Renphill clay loam that have 4 to 8 <br />percent slopes. <br />Typically, the surtace foyer is greyish brown clay loam <br />about 4 Inches thick. The subsoil is grayish brown antl <br />light olive brown clay to a tlepth of about 22 inches. Tne <br />eubanatum is greyish brown clay to a depth of about 30 <br />Inches. Below that is grey and olive shale. <br />Permeability is slow, and available water capacity i9 <br />moderate. The effective rooting depth is 20 to 40 inches. <br />Surface runoff is medium, and the hazard of erosion is <br />motlerate. Some gullies have formed along drain- <br />ageways. <br />Most of this soil is used for grazing. A few small areas <br />are used for nonirngatetl cropland, and wheat is Ne <br />main crop grown. The estimated yield for wheat is about <br />16 bushels per acre. Many formerly cropped areas have <br />been seeded to grass. This soil is well suited to grazing <br />(fig. 13). <br />Rangeland vegetation is mainly western wheatgrass, <br />blue grams, green needlegress, bluegrass. Indian dce- <br />gress, and fourwing sakbush. Fallowing prolonged over <br />grazing, native bluegrasses, annual gasses, and weeds <br />increase. Contour funowing or pitting aids in the recov- <br />ery of depleted vegetation by reducing runoff fled in- <br />creasing water infiltration. Areas that have tlense stands <br />of pdcktypear or rabbdbrush can be managetl by chemi- <br />cal control of these species. <br />In nonirdgated croplantl areas, management practices, <br />such as stubble mulch tillage and incorporating crop <br />residue in and on the surface, are needed to protect the <br />surface soil from blowing, knprove soil filth, end con- <br />serve moisture. Chiseling end subsoiling improve water <br />and root penetration. Tillage pans farm easily if this soil <br />is tilletl when wet. Terracing is also beneficial for reduo- <br />ing runoff, conVOlling erosion, and conserving moisture. <br />This soil is generaly not suited to windbreaks or envi- <br />ronmental plantings. Onsite investigation is generally <br />needed to tletermine which special planting practices ere <br />needed to insure survival. <br />Where Nis sail is used for homesites or other urban <br />purposes, the main limiting soil properties are depth to <br />rock, slow penneabiliry, high shrink-swell potential, antl <br />low strength, Special site or building tlesigna ere neces- <br />aery to offset the limitations. Special sewage systems, <br />such as enclosed tanks that can be pumpetl out periotli- <br />cally, are needed. Septic tank absorption fields will not <br />function properly because of slow permeability. <br />This soil is in capability subclass IVs, nonirtigeted. <br />The Denver Brick Company January 2007 <br />Kiowa Clay Mine Page 18 <br />