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<br />10-Bankard sandy loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes. Thin
<br />is a deep, somewhat excessively drained soil on flood
<br />plains at elevations of 4,450 to 5,000 feet. It formed (n
<br />etrat~ed recent alluvium along streams and rivers. In-
<br />cluded in mapping are numerous sand and gravel bars
<br />and small areas ~~f noncalcareous soils.
<br />Typically the surface layer of this Bankard soil is
<br />brown sandy lo~un about 4 inches thick. The underlying
<br />material to a depth of 60 inches is pale brown calcareous
<br />sand stratified with thin lenses of Bandy loam, loam, and
<br />fine gravel
<br />Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water
<br />capacity is law. 't'he effective rooting depth is fi0 inches or
<br />more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is
<br />low.
<br />This soil is suited to limited cropping. It is sandy and
<br />subject to flooding. Pasture is the beet use. Tall wheat-
<br />grass, tall fescue, and annual aweetclover are some of the
<br />most suitable crops. Light, frequent irrigation by furrows
<br />and flooding is best. Commercial fertilizer improves the
<br />amount and value of forage produced.
<br />The potential native vegetation is dominated by
<br />ewitchgsass, indiangrase, sand blueatem, sand reedgreae,
<br />sideoata grams, needleandthread, and blue grams Much
<br />of this range site includes other Boils and vegetation in
<br />such a complex pattern that it is difficult W map them
<br />separately. Potential production ranges from 2,500 pounds
<br />per sere in favorable years to 1,600 pounds in unfavorable
<br />years As range condition deteriorates, the tall and mid
<br />grasses decrease; blue grams, sand dropseed, and forbs
<br />increase; and forage production drops. Undesirable weeds
<br />and annuals invade the Bite 88 range condition bernmea
<br />poorer.
<br />Management of vegetation should be based on taking
<br />half and leaving half of the total annual production. Seed-
<br />ing is desirable only in areas large enough to interseed or
<br />to prepare a seedbed. Switchgrasa, sand bluestem, Band
<br />reedgrasa, sideoats grams, little bluestem, blue grams, pu-
<br />bescent wheatgnu3s, and intermediate wheatgrase are
<br />suitable for seeding, Thie soil can be seeded by using an
<br />intenseeder or a firm, clean sorghum stubble. A grass drill
<br />is required. Seeding early in spring has proven moat auc-
<br />ceaeful
<br />This soil is generally not suited to the establishment
<br />and growth of trees and ahruha. Onaite investigation is
<br />needed to determine feasibility and possible tree and
<br />shrub species.
<br />Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil The
<br />cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
<br />pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
<br />be attracted by establishing areas for Heating and escape
<br />cover. Far pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen-
<br />tial and should Ix included in plane for habitat develop-
<br />ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range-
<br />land wildlife, for example, deer and antelope, can be at-
<br />tracted by managing livestock grazing and reseeding
<br />where needed.
<br />Thin soil is not suited to urban or recreational develop-
<br />ment because of the flood hazard. Capability subclassv
<br />IVw irrigated, Viw nonirrigated; Sandy Bottom land
<br />range Bite. i
<br />EXHIBIT I
<br />75-Vona sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent elopes. This ie a
<br />deep, well drained soil on high terraces at elevations of
<br />4,650 to 4,950 feet. It formed in alluvial deposits. Included
<br />in mapping are some leveled areas and small areas of
<br />soils that have a loamy substratum.
<br />Typically the surface layer of this Vona Boil is grayish
<br />brown sandy loam about 10 inches thick. The subsoil is
<br />brown fine sandy loam about 20 inches thick. The eub-
<br />stratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam.
<br />Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water
<br />capacity is moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60
<br />inches or morn. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion
<br />hazard is low.
<br />This soil is used almost entirely for irrigated trope. It
<br />is suited to all crops commonly grown in the area, includ-
<br />ing corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa (fig. 7), small grain,
<br />potatoes, and onions. An example of a suitable cropping
<br />system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for
<br />silage, sugaz beets, small grain, or beans. The rapidly
<br />permeable substratum slightly restricts some crops.
<br />All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir-
<br />rigation is the most common. Proper imgation manage-
<br />ment ie essential Barnyard manure and commercial fertil-
<br />izer are needed for top yields.
<br />Windbreaks and environmental plantings are generally
<br />suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in
<br />establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul-
<br />tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of
<br />vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation
<br />may be necessary at the time of planting and during the
<br />dry periods. Trees that are best suited and have good
<br />survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar,
<br />ponderosa pine, Siberian elm, Ruasianolive, and hackber-
<br />ry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbuah sumac, lilac, and
<br />Siberian peashrub.
<br />Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil.
<br />Ring-necked pheasant, mourning dove, and many non-
<br />game species can be attracted by establishing areas for
<br />nesting and escape cover. For pheasants, undisturbed
<br />nesting cover is essential and should be included in plane
<br />for habitat development, especially in areas of intensive
<br />agriculture.
<br />This soil has good potential for urban and recreational
<br />development. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow weLL The
<br />only limiting feature is the rapid permeability in the eub-
<br />stratum, which causes a hazard of ground water rnn-
<br />tamination from sewage lagoons. Capability subclass Its
<br />irrigated.
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