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<br />3-Aquolls end Aquenta, gravelly aubetratum. This
<br />nearly level map unit is on bottom lands and flood plains
<br />of all the major streams in the survey area. Aquolls,
<br />which have a dark colored surface layer, make up about
<br />60 percent of the unit Aquepts, which have a lighter
<br />colored surface layer, make up about 85 percent About 6
<br />percent is Aquepts and Bankard sandy loam.
<br />These are deep, poorly drained soils that formed in
<br />recent alluvium. No one pedon is typical. Commonly the
<br />soils have a mottled, mildly alkaline to moderately al-
<br />kaline loamy or clayey surface layer and underlying
<br />material and are underlain by sand or sand and gravel
<br />within 48 incheit. In places they have a gleyed layer in the
<br />underlying mab~rial.
<br />Mast of the acreage is subject to flooding. The water
<br />table is at or near the surface eazly in spring and recedes
<br />to as deep as Oft inches late in fall in some years.
<br />These soils one used for rangehmd and wildlife habitat
<br />Some small areas have been reclaimed by major drainage
<br />and leveling ami are used for irrigated crops.
<br />The potential native vegetation is dominated by alkali
<br />sacaton, switch;grass, and western wheatgrass. Saltgrass,
<br />sedge, rush, and alkali bluegrass are also prominent
<br />Potential production ranges from 3,000 pounds per acre in
<br />favorable years to 2,000 pounds in unfavorable years. As
<br />range cordition deteriorates, the switchgrass, alkali
<br />eacaton, and western wheatgrass decrease and saltgrass,
<br />sedge, and rush increase.
<br />Management of vegetation should be based on taking
<br />half and leavinf; half of the total annual production. Seed-
<br />ing is difficult and costly berauae numerous tillage prac-
<br />tices are required to eliminate the ealtgrass sod.
<br />Switchgrasa, western wheatgrasa, alkali saraton, tall
<br />wheatgrass, and tall fescue are suitable for seeding. They
<br />can be seeded into a clean, Srm seedbed. Seedbed
<br />preparation usually requires more than 1 year to
<br />eliminate the ailtgrass sod. A grass drill should be used.
<br />Seeding early ur spring has proven moat successful
<br />Wetland wildlife, especially waterfowl, utilize this unit
<br />The wetland plants provide nesting and protective cover,
<br />as well as Borne food. The nearby irrigated cropland,
<br />where wildlife obtain much of their food and fmd protec-
<br />tive rnver, mallea this unit valuable to both wetland and
<br />openland wildlile.
<br />Operrland wildlife, especially pheasant, use this unit for
<br />cover and nesting. Deer £md excellent cover in some
<br />areas.
<br />These valuable wildlife areas should be protected from
<br />fire and fenced to prevent encroachment and overuse by
<br />livestock They should not be drained.
<br />These soils have good potential se a source of Band and
<br />gravel Capability subclass VIw; Salt Meadow range site.
<br />EXHIBIT I
<br />4-Aquolls and Aquepts, Aaoded. This nearly level
<br />map unit is in depressions in smooth plains and along the
<br />bottoms of natural drainageways throughout the survey
<br />area Aquolls, which have a dark colored surface layer,
<br />make up about 55 perrent of the unit. Aquepts, which
<br />have a lighter colored surface layer, make up about 2b
<br />percent. About 20 percent is soils that are well drained
<br />and soils that have sandstone or shale within 48 inches of
<br />the surface.
<br />These are deep, poorly drained soils that formed in
<br />recent alluvium. No one pedon is typical. Commonly the
<br />soils have a mottled, mildly to moderately alkaline loamy
<br />or clayey surface layer and underlying material that ex-
<br />tends to a depth of 60 inches or more. In places they have
<br />a gleyed layer in the underlying material.
<br />Moat of the acreage is subject to excessive runoff. The
<br />water table is at or near the surface in spring and during
<br />the peak of the irrigation season.
<br />These soils aze used for rangeland and wildlife habitat.
<br />Some small areas are irrigated pasture.
<br />The potential native vegetation is dominated by
<br />ewitchgraes, prairie cordgrasa, ealtgrass, alkali sacaton,
<br />big bluestem, indiangrass, western wheatgrass, slender
<br />wheatgrass, sedge, and rush. Cattails and bulLvsh grow
<br />in the swampy spots associated with these range sites.
<br />Potential production ranges from 4,000 pounds per acre in
<br />favorable years to 3,000 pounds in unfavorable years. As
<br />range condition deteriorates, the tall and mid grasses
<br />decrease, production drops, and saltgrass, sedge, and rush
<br />increase. The farming and irrigation in adjacent areas has
<br />increased the amount of salts on much of the acreage.
<br />Management of vegetation on this soil should be based
<br />on taking half and leaving haV of the total annual produc-
<br />tion. Switchgrass, big bluestem, indiangrass, western
<br />wheatgrass, pubescent wheatgrass, intermediate wheat-
<br />grasa, tall wheatgrass, and tall fescue are suitable for
<br />seeding. The plants selected should met the seasonal
<br />requirements of livestock. For successful seeding, a firm
<br />prepared seedbed is needed. A grass drill should be used.
<br />Seeding early in spring has proven most successful. Til-
<br />lage is needed to eliminate the undesirable vegetation.
<br />Wetland wildlife, especially waterfowl, utilize this unit.
<br />The wetland plants provide nesting and protective cover
<br />as well as some food. The nearby irrigated cropland,
<br />where wildlife obtain much of their food and fmd protec-
<br />tive rnver, makes this unit valuable to both wetland and
<br />openland wildlife.
<br />Openland wildlife, especially pheasant, use this unit for
<br />cover and nesting. Deer fmd excellent cover in some
<br />areas. These valuable wildlife areas should be protected
<br />from fire and fenced to prevent encroachment and
<br />overuse by livestock. They should not be drained. Capa-
<br />br7ity subclass VIw; Aquolls in Salt Meadow range Bite,
<br />Aquepts in Wet Meadow range site.
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