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<br />76-Vona sandy loam, 1 l0 3 percent elopes. This is a
<br />deep, well drainers soil on plains and high terraces at
<br />elevations of 4,600 to 5,200 feet. It formed in eolian and
<br />alluvial deposits. l:ncluded in mapping are some leveled
<br />areas. Also includ:d are small areas of soils that have a
<br />loamy substratum and areas of soils that are noncalcare-
<br />ous to a depth of fi0 inches.
<br />Typically the surface layer of Chia Vona soil is grayish
<br />brown sandy loam about 10 inches thick The subsoil is
<br />brown fine sandy loam about 18 inches thick. The sub-
<br />stratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam.
<br />Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water
<br />capacity ie moderate. The effective rooting depth is 60
<br />inches or more. Surface runoff is slow, and the erosion
<br />hazard is low.
<br />In irrigated azeas this soil is suited to all crops com-
<br />monly grown in the area, including corn, sugar beets,
<br />beano, alfalfa, small grain, and onions. An example of a
<br />suitable cropping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa fol-
<br />lowed by corn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small grain, or
<br />beans. Land leveling, ditch lining, and installing pipelines
<br />are needed for proper water applications.
<br />All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir-
<br />rigation is the mo;3t common. Barnyard manure and com-
<br />mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields.
<br />Windbreaks and endrronmental plantings are generally
<br />suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in
<br />establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul-
<br />tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of
<br />vegetation betwe,m the rows. Supplemental irrigation
<br />may be necessary at the time of planting and during dry
<br />periods. Trees that are best suited and have good survival
<br />are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedaz, ponderosa
<br />pine, Siberian ehn, Russianolive, and hackberry. The
<br />shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, and Siberi-
<br />an peashrub.
<br />Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
<br />cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
<br />pheasant and mow-ning dove. Many nongame species ran
<br />be attracted by establshing areas for nesting and escape
<br />cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen-
<br />tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop-
<br />ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range-
<br />land wildlife, for e:cample, the pronghorn antelope, can be
<br />attracted by developing livestock watering facilities,
<br />managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed.
<br />This soil has gaxi potential for urban and recreational
<br />development. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. The
<br />only limiting feature is the rapid permeability in the sub-
<br />stratum, which causes a harard of ground water con-
<br />tamination from s~awage lagoons. Capability subclass Ile
<br />imgated; IVs nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site.
<br />77-Yong sandy loam, 3 to 5 percent slopes. This is a
<br />deep, well drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,600 to
<br />5,200 feet. It formed in eolian deposits. Included in
<br />mapping are small areas of soils that have a loamy sub-
<br />stratum and arear, of soils that are noncalrareous to a
<br />depth of 60 inches.
<br />Typically the surface layer of this Vona soil is grayish
<br />brown sandy loam about 8 inches thick The subsoil is
<br />brown £me sandy loam about 15 inches thick. The sub-
<br />stratum to a depth of 60 inches is sandy loam.
<br />Permeability is moderately rapid. Available water
<br />capacity is modenite. The effective rooting depth is 60
<br />inches or more. Sw~face runoff is medium, and the erosion
<br />hazard ie low.
<br />EXHIBIT 1
<br />In irrigated areas this soil is suited to the crops rnm-
<br />monly grown in the area. Perennial grasses and alfalfa or
<br />close grown crops should be grown at least b0 percent of
<br />the time. Contour ditches and corrugations ran be used in
<br />irrigating close grown crops and pasture. Furrows, con-
<br />tour furrows, and cross slope furrows are suitable for row
<br />crops. Sprinkler irrigation is also desirable. Keeping til-
<br />lage to a minimum and utilizing crop residue help to con-
<br />trol erosion. Maintaining fertility is important. Crops
<br />respond to applications of phosphorus and nitrogen.
<br />In nonirrigated areas this soil is suited to winter wheat,
<br />barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to
<br />winter wheat. The predicted average yield is 28 bushels
<br />per acre. The soil is summer followed in alternate years
<br />to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is
<br />Loo low to make beneficial use of fertilizer.
<br />Mulch farming, etripcropping, and minimum tillage are
<br />needed to control soil blowing and water erosion. Terrac-
<br />ing also may be needed to control water erosion.
<br />The potential native vegetation on this range site is
<br />dominated by Band bluestem, sand reedgrass, and blue
<br />grams. Needleandthread, switchgrass, eideoats grams,
<br />and western wheatgrasa are also prominent. Potential
<br />production ranges from 2,200 pounds per acre in favora-
<br />ble years W 1,800 pounds in unfavorable years. As range
<br />condition deteriorates, the sand bluestem, sand reedgrass,
<br />and ewitchgrass decrease and blue grams, sand dropseed,
<br />and sand sage increase. Annual weeds and grasses invade
<br />the Bite as range condition bernmes poorer.
<br />Management of vegetation on this soil should be based
<br />on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc-
<br />tion. Seeding is desirable if range is in poor condition.
<br />Sand bluestem, sand reedgrass, switchgrass, sideoats
<br />grams, blue grams, pubescent wheatgrass, and crested
<br />wheatgrass are suitable for seeding. The grass selected
<br />should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. IC can
<br />be seeded into a clean, Trm sorghum stubble, or it can be
<br />drilled into a firm prepared seedbed. Seeding early in
<br />spring has proven most successful.
<br />Windbreaks and environmental plantings generally are
<br />suited to this soil. Soil blowing, the principal hazard in
<br />establishing trees and shrubs, can be controlled by cul-
<br />tivating only in the tree row and by leaving a strip of
<br />vegetation between the rows. Supplemental irrigation
<br />may be needed at the time of planting and during dry
<br />periods. Trees that are beat suited and have good survival
<br />are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedar, ponderosa
<br />pine, Siberian elm, Russianolive, and hackberry. The
<br />shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac and Siberi-
<br />an peashrub.
<br />Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil. The
<br />cropland areas provide favorable habitat for ring-necked
<br />pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species can
<br />be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape
<br />cover. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen-
<br />tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop-
<br />ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. Range-
<br />land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be
<br />attracted by developing livestock watering facilities,
<br />managing livestock grazing, and reseeding where needed.
<br />This soil has good potential for urban and recreational
<br />development. Lawns, shrubs, and trees grow well. The
<br />only limiting feature is the rapid permeability in the eub-
<br />stratum, which rouses a hazard of ground water con-
<br />tamination from sewage lagoons. Capability subclass IIIe
<br />irrigated, VIe nonirrigated; Sandy Plains range site.
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