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§ 146.11 Subpart B-Criteria and Standards Applicable to Class I Wells § 196.11 Crlterla and standards appli- cable to Class I nonhazardous wells. This subpart esmblishes mtena and standards for underground injection control programs to reg- ulate Class I nonhazardous wells. I5J Fl2 28148. 1u1y 26, 19881 § 146.12 Construction requirements. (a) All Class I wells shall be sited in such a fashion that Ihry inject into a formation which is beneath the lowermost formation containing, with- in one quaver mile of the well bore, an under- ground source ofdrinking water. (h) All Class I wells shall be cased and ce- mented to prevrnt the movement of Buids imo or between underground sourms of drinking water. The casing and cemem used in the construction of each newly drilled will shall be designed for the hk expectancy of the well. In determining and specfying casing and cemtming reyuoemenis, the following facmrs shall be considered: (I) Depth to the in)eaion zone: (?) Injection prcssurc, external pressure, internal pressure, and axial loading: (31 Hole size: (41 Size and grade of all casing strings (wall thickness, diameter, nominal weight, length, joint specification, and construction materiaU; (51 Corrosiveness of infected fluid, fomtalion fluids, and temperatures; (b) Lnhology of in)ection and confining inter- vals: and (7) Type or grade of cement. (c) All Class I mjrnion wills, except Ihose mu- nicipal wells injecting non-corrosive wasrcs, shall inject Buids through robing with a packer set im- mediately above the injection zone, or tubing with an approved Buid seal as an aliemalivt The rob- ing, packer, and fluid seal shall be designed (or the expected service. (1) The use of other alternatives to a packer may be allowed with the written approval of the Director. To obtain approvah the operator shall subnut a wnuen reyutst to the Director, which shall set (ooh the proposed altemanve and all technical data supporting its use. The Director shall approve the reyuesl i( the alternative method will reliably provide a comparable level of protec- tion to underground sources of drinking water. Thr Director may approve an altemanve method solely (or an mdrvtdual well or Ior general use. (?) In deternuning and specifying requirements for tubing, packer, or alternatives the following (acmrs shall be considered: li) Depth of Bening; (ii) Characteristics of injection Bwd (chemical comenL corosivenrss, and densilyl: (iiq Injection pressure: (iv) Annular pressure; (e) Rate, temperature and volume of injected Buid: and (vi) Size ofcasing. (d) Appropriate logs and other rests shall be conducted during the drilling and consimction of new Class I wells. A descriptive report interpreting the results of such logs and tests shall he prepared by a knawhdgeahle log analyst and submitted to the Director. At a minimum, such logs and tests shall include: (I) Deviation checks on all holes conswcted by first drilling a pilot hole, and thrn enlarging the pilot hole by reaming or another method. Such checks shall be at sufficiently frequent inlenals Io assure Ihal vertical avenues (or fluid migration in the loon of diverging holes are not created during dnllmg. (?) Such other logs and tests u may bt needed alter taking into account the availability of similar dam in the area of the dolling site, the cons[mc- tion plan. and the need (or additional information, that may anse from time to time as the consimc- lion of the well progresses. In determining which toes and tests shall be required, the following logs shall be considered (or use in the following situa- Ilons: (i) For surface casing intended to protect under ground sources o(drinking water: (A) Resistivity, spontaneous potrnuah and cali- per logs before the casing is installed; and (B) A cement bond, temperature, or density log after the casing is set and cemened. (ii) For imermedmtr and long strings of casing mtrnded to (aciluate injection: (A) Resistivity, spontaneous poremial, porosity, and gamma my lags before the casing a msial led: (B) Fmciure tinder logs; and (C) A cement bond, temperature, or densuy log after the casing a set and cemented. (e) At a minimum, the following information cmnceming the injection formation shall be deter- mined or calculated for new Class I wells. (I) Flwd pressure; (?) Temperature; (3) Fracmrc pressurc; (4) Other physical and chemical characteristics of the injection matrix; and (5) physical and chemical characteristics of the lonnalion Buids. 145 FR 42500, lone 2J, 1980, as omcnded m 4fi fR 43162. Aug. 27. 19811