PERMFILE68702

• Permit No: C1981038
• IBM Index Class Name: Permit File
• Doc Date: 12/11/2001
• Section_Exhibit Name: Volume 9B ARCHAEOLOGY APPENDIX Part 2 of 4
• Media Type: D
• Archive: No

reservation, followed by General MacKenzie and his troops.
This is an event that has long and devoutly been prayed for by
I• our people. How joyful it sounds and with what satisfaction
one can say, "The Utes have gone". (Nankivell 1934:61).
The former Ute FEServation was officially declared public land in
the Ute reservation Bill of 1882. This was simply the Congressionally
approved Ute Bill which had been signed by the President in 1880. Under
terrt~s of this bill, haresteads could not be established under the
liarestead Act. Instead, only cash entries would entitle a person to
lands. Although the former reservation was not legally open to
settlement until 1882, hrsnesteaders aid miners rushed onto the
reservation even before the Utes had been fully removed. By the fall of
1881, nearly all the desirable land in the former reservation had been
staked. In Ueoenbes of that year, t)re Solid Muldoon, an early newspaper
from Ouray, Colorado, stated that ranchers on the reservation were
building oonfortable residences and were planning to expand production
beyond the former snipe of simple vegetable farming (Solid Muldoon
12/2/1861). Otto Mears stated in January of 1862 that "I doubt if there
is a decent site fora ranch in either the Valleys of the Unoarpa)x1re,
(~nru~ison, or Grand Rivers that has not already been taken up" (Baker
1978b).
The Utes and their reservation were gone and a short but classic
period of Conflict and Co~rpetition ornbined with a feeble attertpt at
Administrative Stabilization (Leacock and Lurie 1971) had ended in the
Gunnison Country. The local pendulum of culture history swung to the
• Victorian Tradition of the Euro-Americans. Mining with attendant
urbanization, transportation, and supply services and agricultural
~ homesteading becarte major themes of the region.
As diagracmied in Table 2, the Urban and 13nra1 Subtraditions of the
Victorian Cultural Tradition developed from a short-lived phase of
Incipient White Settlement. This phase had, through time, paralleled the
period in which attertpts at Administrative Stabilization had been made
for the Utes by the United States government. The Utes' Phase of
Administrative Stabilization had also, in part, overlapped their Phase of
Co~etition and Ccu~flict as outlined by Leaoock and Lurie (1971). With
the total Ute removal from the Gunnison Country in 1861, the Incipient
Phase of White Settlement allowed the parallel development of the Urban
acid }hiral Subtraditions of the American Victorian Cultural Tradition
which were being rapidly diffused over the western American landscape.
It was the intensive exploitation effort of mining which led to the
growth of the Urban Subtradition exemplified in the mining carps and
towns of the area as discussed by Smith (1967) and most typified in towns
such as Ouray, Telluride and Crested Butte. The growth of the Urban
Subtraditia~ wus characterized by classic material attributes of American
Victorian culture. The intensive nature of the orchard industn}' lead to
limutea though sinular develo~~t in the North Fork country, but ttis
never really took on the full urban character.
• Thew material attributes of Victoriani:ni relate tc~ four concomitant
characteristics of the culture, nai:el}~: industrialization, with its
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