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• FIELD MAPPING (ORDER 1-2 <br />The study area was first examined in a reconnaissance manner to <br />familiarize the field soil scientist vrith the area. Following the low <br />intensity orientation survey, a high intensity soil survey at 1" = 40C' <br />scale was conducted over the entire study site. <br />Soil profiles were dug as necessary to determine the nature and extent <br />of soils present on the study area. Pits were hand-dug to depths of <br />about 6 to 18 inches. In general, this was sufficient to expose the <br />genetic and replaced topsoil/subsoil surface horizons and most of the <br />underlying substrata or regraded spoil. Below the 18-inch depth, the <br />deeper soils ore re examined by means of a three-inch diameter hand bucket <br />auger to 72 inches or to a paralithic contact or bedrock, whichever was <br />shallower. All soil profiles were characterized while only native <br />undisturbed soils were correlated with available SCS series criteria. <br />• Series phases, phases of series variants, and disturbed land map units <br />were delineated primarily on the basis of surface texture, slope, depth <br />of carbonate leaching, reaction class, replaced soil depths, and type of <br />substratum. After determining the soil series or variant, the disturbed <br />land type or the surface phase to which each profile belonged, the soil <br />phase boundaries were determined throughout their length in the field, <br />primarily by means of additional soil characterization auger holes and, <br />secondarily, by analysis of relative landscape position, parent <br />materials, and vegetative indicators. The soil boundaries were then <br />delineated on the 1" = 400' scale, aerial-photo base maps (Exhibit 9-4). <br />Mapping detail was at an Order 1-2 level for all of the Nucla Scraper <br />Pit study area. Order 1-2 mapping units consisted primarily of <br />consociations. All boundaries of mapping units were plotted in the <br />field on the base maps utilized for mapping. <br />All map units were delineated as follows: <br />1. If soils were dissimilar (i.e., highly contrasting in physical <br />• and/or chemical properties and/or depth of suitable soil), <br />9-4-7 Revised 11/01/96 <br />