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12 to 18 inches below the soil surface depending on the (Diorhabda elongata)is a host-specific species currently <br /> maturity of the saitcedar stand.Root material near the soil under study as an option for saltcedar control(see table 2). <br /> surface can then be raked by a bulldozer(e.g.,D-8 class) Different subspecies of this beetle with specific requirements <br /> equipped with a 21-foot-wide hydraulic root rake containing for climate and day length have been released in the <br /> teeth that are 4 feet in length and are spaced 15 inches apart. U.S.according to their corresponding needs. Four other <br /> The material can then be windrowed and piled using an insect species feed on saitcedar(including the cicadellid <br /> articulated loader.The piles are subsequently burned. leafhopper,Opsius stactogalus)but have not been observed <br /> to cause more than minimal damage.Currently,further <br /> Prescribed Fire releases of Diorhabda beetles have been suspended pending <br /> Prescribed fire as a single control method is not review of regulations for release by the U.S.Fish and <br /> recommended for long-term saitcedar management since Wildlife Service. <br /> saitcedar is fire adapted and re-grows rapidly.Natural or <br /> prescribed fires in mature or decadent stands of saltcellar <br /> are hazardous as flame lengths in these fires can be Chemical Control <br /> extremely high,and crown fires can be difficult to stop with Herbicides are a primary method of saitcedar co/and <br /> standard fire-fighting methods.However,burning may be can be applied by a number of methods including fixed- <br /> useful or necessary to remove brush piles or dead saitcedar wing aircraft;,helicopter,tractor,truck or ATV mounted <br /> left standing after herbicide spraying. boom sprayers,power sprayers,backpack sprayers,and <br /> carpet rollers.Treatment success depends on care taken <br /> Cultural Control during herbicide application.Most compounds available for <br /> saltcedar control have post-emergence activity and provide <br /> Education and monitoring can be important components to limited pre-emergence control(see"'Table 3.Herbicide <br /> saitcedar control.Some nurseries still stock saitcedar as a Recommendation Table"). <br /> decorative plant which could serve as sources of escaped <br /> stock in non-invaded areas. Herbicide Control Methods <br /> IPT basal bark treatment can be made on individual <br /> Biological Control saltcedar plants by using herbicide mixed with oil and an <br /> adjustable nozzle(XO to Xl orifice size)to deliver a mist <br /> Grazing spray from the base of the stem up to 6 inches above the <br /> Livestock will browse saltcedar,but the foliage has little ground.Triclopyr ester herbicide should be mixed with <br /> nutritional value and is usually not <br /> preferred.Grazing with goats may Table 2. Classical Biological Agents <br /> be used to suppress re-sprouting <br /> after other treatments have been Species Type of site of Impact/ Considerations for <br /> made. Agent Attack Availability Release <br /> Diorhabda beetle Larvae and Varies by D. Potentially impacts saitcedar <br /> Classical Biological Agents elongata adults feed elongata subspecies habitat of endangered <br /> on foliage. but has been southwestern willow <br /> Saltcedar is typically damaged released in Nevada, flycatcher.Presently,these <br /> by a number of organisms in its Utah,Colorado, insects cannot be released in <br /> native Mediterranean and Asian California,and accordance with regulations <br /> Texas. of the U.S.Fish and Wildlife <br /> habitat.The saitcedar leaf beetle Service. <br /> 4 <br />