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84 , 4031. RUEDI DAM AND RESERVOIR, COLO. i I 1 type than were tne development to OCCllr .jn fl mo-:e populated. area. Very little supporting in.dustr)' of .the km.d reqUIred Il?''''' eXlsts.,_ To summnrlze shale OIl productIOn durmg phase 1\' from In,o to If)75 will inc;ease to about ll/:! million barrels per day. This is less than 8 percent of anticipated U.S. pet,rolemn demand in 1975. The product, priucipally hydrogenated shaJe 011, free of con- t,ft1l1innllt.s a.nd equivn.le.nt to the hlghe.st qun-lIty crude petroleum, will be transported by large-cnpncity pipelines t,o markets on ,the Pacitic Coast and in t.he .Middle '\Test.. The gasolme- find other fuel requirements of tlte lOCH 1 community also will be served from fL complete shale oill'efinerv in the. aren. In addition to shale i~)il f;lcilities cost.ing nn estimated $:') hillion, a moderate supporting industry will begin during .this period, Ex- plosive:;. sulfuric acid, lime, and cement, are 1l10:->t likely to be mflnl1- factl1I'E'(l. Numerolls manufact.uring and service faeilities of lesser magnitude :l1so ,,'ill be started. Ii. is unlikely t,hat. oil shale by products will be utilized locally except for explosives, sl1lflll'ic acid, and possibly cement ma.nufacture. A population of nearly ;)00,000 in addition to the phase III de- ,'e.lopme-nt. is foreseen mn.king- t.he tota.l population for sha.le and re- lated industries about. :340,000. Rio Bl'll1cO County and llintall Connty, Utah, will share this population growth. WAT!':R REQUIREMENTS FOR ,sH...".'E OIL PRODUCTION The product-ion of the crude shnle oil requires very little water. Consumption of water for mining- chiefly is fOI" drilling- hlastholes and ns a dust pallintiye. Retorting uscs only bearing-coolant. water (l,nd a. sma,ll amount of steam for heat.ing alld clefl-lling purpose-so Processes have been developed which do llot require water for cool- ing and condensnt.ioll of the oil. (Certain European processes con- sume steam directly in the retort, but. this t.ype process is not. now lIllder considerat.ion for Colorado shale.) Pel'sollnel, of course, re- quire drinking and sanitary water. Oyernll water reqllirement~ for cTw.1e oll pl'Odntt.loHI both mlning f\nd l'e.tort.\ng. are less t.han HI gallons pel' barrel of oil, of whicll- a smn.1I amount. can be, reused 01' ret.urned to t.he stream. Shale oil refining requires relat.i\rely lnr.rre quantities of water both as a. procp.ss coolnJJt and for the fl'enera6on of steallJ. Since steam is consumed in the manufact.ure ofllydrog-e-n, where t.he re-fining proc- esses ~lse hydrogen as a. reagent, this ]Jart,icHlnr requirement. is lnrg-er than III cOllyentional refineries, Ste.nlll alsu is lIsed to dri\'e pumps and rompressor:-i, Coo~illg water requirements for refining are large eyen when ex- cllllllgtng heat bet.ween hot outgoinO" and cool incoming process strenms, In the refining process sorne~ of the, oil fract.ions fire heated to elevated temperatures se\'eral t.imes and the products must be con- densed and/or cooled Let-\veen process steps as well as when re.fining- has heen c-ompletf'd. 'Yater usually is the most economicnl coolant for this purpose. Cooling wMer may be user1 once or recirculated. On a once.throu,lrh Imsi:-;. most of the water would be ret.urned to the stream e,sse-ntially without. loss, but at a higher tempemt.ure. A recirculation system uses