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<br />. <br /> <br />4032 <br /> <br />some type of evaporative eooling to recool the water and v~ry little <br />is returned to the stream. <br />Once-through usage requires a large year-roillld water supply and <br />if the stream contains considerable impurities, the expense of treating <br />may be significant. For a reeircula.ting cooling 'Water system, only <br />makeup wat.er is required, usually no more than 10 pereellt of the <br />quantit.y needed on a ollce-t,hrough basis. <br />Because of seasonal fluctuations in streamflow and the probability <br />of having to chemicn.l1y treat the water to make it usable, we lwx8 <br />llssumed the lIse of recirculating cooling water systems for our esti- <br />mate of water requirements. <br />Electric powerplants are anot.her significant ~onsumer of water. <br />Here aga.in~ cooling and condensation is the largest requirement. For <br />11 \'erage steam-electric plants using recirClllllted cooling water, 7 <br />pounds of water fire consumed for each kilowatt-hour of electricity <br />generated. <br />The total water requirement for shale oil production and refining <br />including electric power generation, may vary from 50 to 100 gallons <br />per La,nel depending on the refining process used. Perhaps 10 percent <br />of this water would be returned to the stre.am. <br />Sha.Je-related industry, which will not become important until t.he <br />beginning" of phase IVl the secondary expansion of shale oil produc~ <br />1 iOIl, will require additional quant.ities of water. For instnncel a 500~ <br />t.on-pe.r-da.y ammonium nit.rato plant. will require 6 million gallons of <br />wat.f'r per day. It. is impossible to determine water usage by the many <br />small supporting plants, but it is certain that requirements will be <br />significant. <br />A large usage of watpl" ntt.rihutable to a shale industry will be in <br />the homes and cit.ies of t.he workers and support.ing personnel. The <br />pel' tnpita. usage of wat.er in western c-ommunitirs is highe.r thun in <br />areas where lawn irrigation is not practiced. The larger we.stern <br />Colorado towns use up to 480 g,dlons per d:ty per person. The factor <br />for Grand Junction is now 2!J7. A recent survey of large western <br />cities by Langbein showed most used greater than ;JOO gallons per day <br />per capita. ~\. water-use factor of ;)00 gallons pe.r pe.rson per day <br />is assumed in this report. On t.he ayerage, about, t.wo-thirds of this <br />water should return to the stream. <br /> <br />lFa.ter requirement fo.p phm~e J <br />The llsage of water for shllle during t.he experiment.al phase before <br />nny cOl~lInercial pl'm'llct.ion begins has l,een \'ariaule but insignitieant. <br />There. IS no reason t.o believe t.ha.t. fut.ure experimental work, if any, <br />will require water supplies additional to those already developed. <br />Howe\-er, since prototype production is expected to start betwe.en ID60 <br />and lDt15, a \Vater "'pplr eapability of at le"st 2,.500 acre. feet per <br />ye.ar, if not alrefi.dy in eXlst.encel is' suggested starting in 1960. <br /> <br />]Va.!er requirement for pha." It' <br />The prod\!ction of 2r,,000 barrels of shale oil daily during the proto- <br />type phase IS e.stunated to reqUIre 1,300 acre-feet of wa.ter per veal' <br />of which 5~O acre-feet would be returned. .l\Iunicipal water foi. t.h~ <br />Hew p(lplll~tion. is included. Tables 3 and 4 snmmarize Sllppol't,ing <br />.data. for tIllS estm1ate. <br /> <br />RUEDI DA...'\{ AND RESERVOIR, COLO. <br /> <br />.. ..85 <br />, <br />