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<br />4030 <br /> <br />RUEDI DAM AXD RESERVOIR, COLO. <br /> <br />83 <br /> <br />~ <br /> <br />'Ye belie\"e that refilling technology and economic conditions will <br />improve so th,lt\ in the Ilew retineries built. during phflS~ IV, the <br />erude shale oil will be hydro~enl1ted directly rather than belI1g eoked <br />before hydroo-enation. "Thisr=.>step will result in 11 significant in~l'ense <br />in the yield of liquid product and, of course, will elin~ina~~ coke as n. <br />byproduct. It. also ,,"ill still further reduce the avallabllIty of by- <br />product. gases from retorting ancll'etining. It is probable ~,hat [. sup' <br />p\emental'Y energy sonree, suc.h as c~xll or natur~l gas, wll~ be. uSed <br />to supply it part of the energy re(Jlllrem~nts of the. shale 011 pla~ts. <br />TIle principal byprodnds of shale 011 productIOn nuu refilllIlg <br />during- phase IV \rill be ammonia and snlfur. Coke production <br />prob:!)']y will Iwye incl'e:!sed slightly over the lc\"el of phase III, <br />but it, is (luuhtful thnt. refinery gases will he HIl important product <br />for outside lise. <br />It has bee.ll suggested that. shale oil production would proyide l'a~ <br />maierials for a petl'ochemicllls industry. "~hile se\'cnll shale oil <br />fractiolls! ill particular the lighter hydroearbons from hytll'ogen,l- <br />t.ion refiningl are suitable petrochemical I'll\\'_ matel'i!lls! i~ is doubt- <br />ful that the\" will he used as sneh in \H'ste-I'll Colorado. Fll'st, pet.ro- <br />leum eonsui~led as petrochemicals amoullt~ to only about. 2: percent <br />of the petroleum demand and ra.w mat.erluls from current sources <br />seem adequate for the foreseeable future. Secondl west.ern Colo- <br />rado 1S far from chemil'i1.l markets lllld is handicllPped by high <br />freight rates. If shale oil is tL'3ed ns a petroe.hemicn.l raw material! <br />it is likely to he con\"el'tcd to chemical produds at. pipeline terminals <br />in the market arell. <br />The llse of oil shale directly as a che.mical raw ma.terial is :l. <br />distinct. possibility in the futur~, hut th~ h~l'hllology to deri\"e vnlu- <br />aule chemicals from shale has not yet. been fully rlevelopecl. The <br />l:tck of readily usable processes and plentiful raw 1l\:Ltel'ials from <br />other sources makes it doubtful t.hat. oil 5h:11e. will be used for <br />chemicals pronuctiOJI tu <In appreciable extent during the Ilext 1;) <br />years. <br />The g-l'owth of shale oil production to the proportions en\-isioned <br />in phuse IV ,YiI1 bring with it some re.Jated illdustry" Tonnil,g"e <br />quantities of explosives will be. required. .Ammonium. nitrafe, <br />which cun be manufactured from byprodud. ammonia, seems likely <br />to be the principal shale-blasting agent. As much as 500 tons per <br />day will be consumed for shale mining ldone. This amount will <br />sui)pol't a large-sized ammonium nitrate plallt. Sulfuric acid for <br />general illdustrinl use lllil)' illso be manufildlll'ed from hYPl'otlud <br />sulfur. <br />C~ment is perhaps the largest t.onll:l.!!l~ m:1llllfadured mnteri..d <br />reqllll'ed by shale industr~' amI its community. The u~age of cement <br />in t,he area. will he sufficient for {t. phLnt of economic size. Raw ma' <br />terinl:=: nre a \";1 ilable. Spent !':il1'[4.le may be used as an ingredient. <br />"'ateI' trent.ment and the- lmllding iJlflllstl'Y will !!I'eatlv~increase <br />t.he ~lema.nd for linle in the urea. nnd this iildnstry.- should exp:lllfl <br />con~lClel':ibh' . <br />!lIany S'J)~aJl S€ITic€ :llld mamlfuctll1'ing- operations ",itt he cu11- <br />cluded to sel'\'e this $5 billion industl'Y and the 4f)(\()OO or more <br />populat.ion in the al'(,:1. There will he more new businesses of this <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />~, <br /> <br />., <br />