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"'foreign owned" enterprise with few, if <lIlY. family obligations in the rIlral area. In this capacity, the general viewpoint is 10 reduce the community, educational. i.lnd public service costs to J minimum. Regardless of the extent of the future out-migration. there will be a group of people who will choose to ren13in in the rural are;]s for a number of reasons. However. even though these people treasure some of the attributes of rural living. they still will demand adequate social se[lr'ices. C.m the rural areas adequJtely pf(lvide the kinds and the amount of services which will be demanded? At some point, the continuing shifts in the setllemenl patterns anu the denlJnds which will be impo$ed will require new patterns of socii..ll institutions better :..ihle to cupe with oUI-migration and the problem~ of high concentr;Jtions of depend en I popuhltions. Many Small Trade CentetS Serve the Agricultural Areas ETHNIC GROUPS Even though most of tIH' basin settlement was by individual families rather than by groups of colonists, there was a tendency to cluster by natiolli..llity into cultural islands throughout the basin. Thus, there were llumerous concentrations of settlers of German ex- traction in Missouri, Kansas, NebrJska, and Montana~ Russians in the Dakotas, Colorado. and Nebraska; and Norwegians in North Dakota and Montana. In addition, there were concentrations of seWers from specific areas of the Nation. For example, the Ozark Plateaus were occupled primarily by settlers frolll the southern Appalachians; north-western Missouri was occupied largely by people from the Upper SOl/lh: some areas in KanSaS were settled almost entirely by people from Ohio 28 and Indiana: and other arcas in Kansas were uccupied by seltlers from New England. The remnants of these scUlernenl concentrations are still discernible. Predominant nationality groups thai came to the basin were the Germans. Russians, Norwegians, Swedes, ('zet.:hs, I(alians. and the English, in about that order numerically. The Germans accounted for about 20 per("ent of the foreign-born population. However, if all of the people with a British Isles background were grouped together, they would probably rival the Germans as the most numerous. In addition. there were several other nationalities, but their numbers were relatively small. By and large, it is the descendants of these uriginal settlers that Ol:cupy the basin today for later immig.ration has been relatively small. Population shifts. easier communications and trans- pOrlalion, mi1iti..lry service, and the general social mobility of the basin have tended to blur the boundaries. of most of the cuilur.al islands since the settlement days. However, sume of tht.: ethnic dusters are still in evidence and are distinguishable by their kinship paUerns, religious institutions, and the perpetuation of their national languages. Mas! evident today of the ethnic cultural islands are the lndian reservations. Approximately 58,000 Indians, comprising 4 percent of the b;Jsin population, are concentrated on 23 reservations and uwn about 12 million acres of land. principally in Monlan:J, Wyoming, and the Dakotas. Financia1\y poor, the average annual income of the Indian family is under $3,000 and often it is below $1.000. Their basic economy for the reservation has been cattle ranching, some farming, and the leasing of land to white operators. An jnadequacy of the resource base on the reservations to support the popula. tion is evident from unemployment rates as high as 80 percent and a standard of living which is woefully inadequate and declining steadily relative to the rest of the society. Few employment oppurtunities have been attracted 10 the reservations by these unemployed human resources. Further, the Indi:ms have been reluctant to forsake their heritage and culture by leaving the reserva- lion to find employment. A century of management of the Inuians' assets and economic existence as a resuil of their dispossession by treaty has shown little progress in providing a salisfac.::!ory solution to the basic problem. The Indian tribes of the basin have governmental institutions patterned on non.lndian principles, but whii.:h have a peculiar autonomy set forth in treaties and subsequent national legislation. Tribal and allotled Indian land, whic" is held in trust by the United States Government, is subject to tribal and Federal jurisdiction. but not to State, county, or city jurisdiction. Thus, this land is neither subject to taxation or other assessment by the State and county governments, nor to State and county laws governing land use and development. Also,