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O 'J- , -1 ?" r 1-1.......0 A Crow Indian Tribe Carpel Mill Provides Needed Employment Indian tribes and individuals. when within the exterior boundaries of the indian reservations, are generally not subject to Stale and county criminal jurisdiction but rather to tribal and Federal jurisdiction. The peculiar autonomy of the Indian tribes enabks them 10 appeal directly to the Congress for special legislulion. This approach has been exercised on numerous occasions by various lribes, often resulting in Federal legislation peculi;.H to one specific trib~. Thus, the Indians, with their differing economic and social charactcristir..'s. have to he considered ;IS separate entities in the planning of resource developments. Further complicating the situation arc spedal water right Tes~[vations 'o.\sSQc~'J\e\.\ w~\h tre3ty provisions as discussed in ~hilpter 6. PerhjJps the most serious mistake that could bt: made is to assume (hat the Indians subs.:ribe to the sjJme values. the s~me social philoso- phies, or lhe sallle outlouks on life as are commonly held by the non-TescTv,Hion communities within the basin. POPULATION In the decade or the 1880's the Missouri Region experienced its gre;Jtest relative growth in population, with 11 rate or increase nearly double thjJt fur the Nation. However, during the IjJst decade of the 19th century, the rate of populjJtion growth dropped below that for the Nation, and from 1900 to the present the region has failed to keep pace with the Nation. In the region, population increased by only 4.3 percent from 1940 to ]950 and 12.3 percent from 1950 to 1960 as shown in figure I), while nationally the population increased by J 4.5 and ]8.4 percent in the two time periods. Relative Tates of growth between the region and the Nation can be compared considering the region's share of the total population of the United States_ In 1940. the region contained 5.1 percent of the population of the conterminous United States. In 1950, it contained 4_7 percent but by \960 its share had dropped to 4.5 percent. Although the total population in the region increased between 1940 and 1960, more people currently are migrating out of the region than are moving in. The rural.to-urban movement of people which characterized the Nation during the 1940 to 1960 period was even more signitlcant in this region because of the relatively large percentage of rural population. Rural farm popul:.lIion as a percent of total population for the Nation was 23.0 percent in 1940, 15.3 peTcent in 1950, "nd 7 _5 percent in ) 960_ In the region for the comparable decades the percentages were 36.5, 27.6, and 18_6. Rural IiIflll population fell by more than one million people between 1940 and 1960. a loss of 40 percent as compared to 56 percent for the Nation during the same period. Total urban growth, although identical to national urban growth rates, has varied significantly between cities of the region. The urban centers which have remained dependent upon providing services to agricul~ ture have not tended to grow as fast as those with manufacturing bases. Further. the larger urban areas have tended to have higher growth rates than the smaller areas_ Cities with 5,000 to 10.000 populations have tended to remain relatively stable or grow slightly _ The exceptions seem to be those with governmental or educational institulions, bedroom communities, and those which have been able \0 attract a major industry stich as tourism or a large food processing plant. Cities over \0,000 have had the largest percentage of growth_ The) I Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas with 42 percent of the region's Ulban population have experienced very large :.IJld rather constant population increases since the 1930's. These cities have continued to function ;JS the gateways of commerce. In addition, their economic bases have been diversified, with manu- facturing, professional services, and governmental functions becoming important segments of their economies. Denver is something of a special case. Aside from its immediate h.interland of agriculture, tourism, and mining pursuits, it hilS been able to increase its economic base by attracting regional offices of national corporations and other organizations, research inst\tut\om., \\ght 29