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will pursue other fund raising options for both the Commission and the P.AC.'s work. The P.A. C. is continuing its review of the Commission's Intemall/'ld external communication plans. This review will insure that the plans meet the Commission's need for openness and credibility. The PAC. continues to examine technical aspects of visibility science as well, including the proposed 'decivieW" measurement of haze described in this issue. I Publications Available In the course of its work, the Grand Canyon Visibility Transport CommiSSion will produce numerouS documents. At present, these documents help guide the Commission's work (e.g. bylaws, work plan, and communications plans). Now, the work of formulating, refining, and modelling visibility management options has begun. Documents involved in this process help clarify the Commission's operation, options and concerns, as wen as opportunities for involvement. John Leary, the Project Manager, will provide interested persons with copies of Commission documents (see page 4 for the address). Visibility Management: What's being Done Now? The Grand Canyon Visibility Transport Commission's goal is to protect and improve visibility in the Golden Circle of national parks and wilderness areas. The Commission's 1995 recommendations to the Administrator of the EPA will be a product designed to assure reasonable progress toward this goal. Today, steps are 'already being taken throughout the West to protect visibility. Some actions have other goals, with visibility protection as a beneficial by-product. Other measures are taken specifically to protect visibility (such as the Navajo Generating Station rule discussed in this issue). Some actions reduce existing pollution. Installation of scrubbers to remove sulfur diollide from industrial stacks is a good example. Sulfur dioxide itself is a corrosive gas. In the atmosphere sulfur dioxide is transformed into other compounds, such as sulfuric acid (a major component of 'acid rain'), or sulfate particles (a major component Of haze in the Golden Circle). Many copper smeUers use sulfur dioxide removed from the waste stream to manufacture sulfuric acid, which is then used in many industrial processes. Modern scrubbers can remove over 90% of the sulfur dioxide gas in industrial exhaust. reducing the adverse heaUh and visibility impacts of these emissions. ~ ~ ~, ~ ~; > ~ i~ ~y :.' ~r~ " Prevention is a fast-growing realm of pollution control. A good example of prevention is 'demand- side management.' Oemand-side management is a modern application of the old axiom 'Waste not, want nor. Many electric utilities have found it cheaper to help their custome~ install energy- efficient equipment than it is to generate more electricity that is needed to operate older, less efficient equipment. For example, consider compact fluorescent lamps. While they produce the same amount of light as old-style incandescent light bulbs, they do so with 75% less electricity. The consumer gets the same amount of light, and the power savings allow tl'1e utility to burn less fossil fuel and even eliminate the need to construct some new power plants. Emissions of health and visibility impairing pollutants are reduced or prevented. Indeed, many projections show demand-side management offsetting the need for increased electricity production through the turn of the century or beyond. r '" .~, t~ :.t "'",. ~ ~ if.. ~. :"'; ",'- ','" :.:' ...,~ ~~j ~'". Individual choices can also help protect visibility and other air quality reiated values. A study by the National Research Council estimated that 30% of the haze particles in tl'1e Southwest come from gas and diesel powered vehicles. Another 15% are particles of 'fugitive dusr, much of that blown off roadways by vehicles. And, 10% of the haze particles come from petroleum and chemical industries, including gasoline refineries. With so much haze produced directly and indirectly by transportation, personal transportation choices have a major impact on air quality. ;,~:. "'I ~I :~~ .,~-. One individual, acting alone, may not have a noticeable effect on air quality. But the cumulative impact of many individuals has created the human- caused hazes in the Goiden Circle. Now, acting