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<br />002331 <br /> <br />9. Pumping - Water could be pumped from the aquifer or from the <br />river channel to provide an additional source of water for <br />wet meadow enhancement. <br /> <br />10. Water Quality Improvement - Non-point pollution sources <br />could be located and abated to improve water quality. <br />Improved land management techniques could be encouraged in <br />adjacent areas to manage runoff. <br /> <br />11. Haying - Under some circumstances, haying could be used to <br />retard encroaching woody vegetation. Haying at the proper <br />time could also be used to stimulate or retard the <br />production of cool-season or warm-season native grasses and <br />forbs. Haying can reduce the height of the vegetation to <br />improve foraging opportunities for cranes. <br /> <br />12. Chemical Treatment - Properly labeled and properly applied <br />herbicides could be used in some areas to retard <br />encroachment of woody vegetation; no aerial application. <br /> <br />On-site Species Manaqement Methods <br /> <br />1. Law Enforcement - An aggressive law enforcement effort could <br />be established to discourage taking of species of concern. <br /> <br />2. Predator Control - Trapping, predator exclosures around <br />nests, controlled shooting, and other activities could be <br />used to reduce predation or eliminate some types of <br />predators from interior least tern and piping plover nesting <br />colonies. <br /> <br />3. Research - Controlled experiments conducted by qualified <br />personnel (e.g., invertebrate availability studies). <br /> <br />4. Monitoring - Examples include bald eagle censuses, whooping <br />crane roost site evaluations, contaminant testing of <br />interior least tern and piping plover addled eggs, etc. <br /> <br />Uses of In-channel Habitat <br /> <br />1. Regulated Grazing - Livestock grazing could be allowed after <br />the interior least tern and piping plover nesting season and <br />before the whooping crane fall migration period. <br /> <br />2. Major Construction - Bridgeslroads, damslhydroelectric <br />plants, channelization, bank stabilization, etc., should be <br />discouraged. Such activities could permanently alter the <br />river and encourage narrowing of the river channel. <br /> <br />3. Public River Traffic - Airboats, motor boats, canoes, etc., <br /> <br />3 <br />