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<br />002330 <br /> <br />9. Reduce Seed Sources - Cottonwoods and other woody vegetation <br />in streamside areas could be removed to reduce seed sources. <br /> <br />10. Channel Alteration - Modification of the channel to meet <br />threatened and endangered species' habitat requirements. <br /> <br />Out-of-channel Habitat Manaqement Methods <br /> <br />1. Quantity and Timing of Flows - Properly timed high quantity <br />flows could be used to provide a proper water regime for wet <br />meadow vegetation. <br /> <br />2. Prescribed Burns - Repeated controlled burns could be used <br />to suppress encroaching woody vegetation. Fire at the <br />proper time could also be used to stimulate or retard the <br />production of cool-season or warm-season native grasses and <br />forbs. Fire can reduce the height of the vegetation to <br />improve foraging opportunities for cranes. <br /> <br />3. Regulated Grazing - Under some circumstances, livestock <br />grazing could be used to retard encroaching woody <br />vegetation. Grazing at the proper time could also be used <br />to stimulate or retard the production of cool-season or <br />warm-season native grasses and forbs. Grazing can reduce <br />the height of the vegetation to improve foraging <br />opportunities for cranes. <br /> <br />4. Water Control Structures - Some in-meadow structures could <br />be constructed to retain runoff to stimulate the growth of <br />wet meadow vegetation. <br /> <br />5. Close Drainage Ditches - Drainage ditches could be closed <br />and used as a means to restore the water supply to wet <br />meadow vegetation. <br /> <br />6. Conversion of Agricultural Lands to Wet Meadows & Uplands - <br />Low-lying agricultural land could be acquired or secured <br />with a perpetual easement and managed to restore grassland <br />vegetation. wildlife extension agreements could be <br />developed with private landowners to protect, restore, or <br />enhance wet meadow habitats along the Platte River. <br />Projects could be achieved with the Service's "Partners for <br />Wildlife Program" or similar programs. <br /> <br />7. Change River Bank Elevation - Potentially, channel banks <br />could be lowered andlor levees removed to enhance surface <br />water conveyance and infiltration into wet meadows. <br /> <br />8. Groundwater Regulation - Changes in local, county, or <br />statewide pumping policies could be sought to discourage <br />excessive removal of tributary groundwater supplies. <br /> <br />2 <br />