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<br />I <br /> <br />I <br />II <br />I <br /> <br />the stability of the embankment with an 8.0-foot wide soil cement facing <br /> <br /> <br />installed, again neglecting any contribution from the existing concrete slab <br /> <br /> <br />facing. The results indicate generally acceptable safety of the embankment <br /> <br /> <br />for a soil cement overlay. <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />This study also evaluated the potential stability of the existing embankment <br /> <br /> <br />for liquefaction under earthquake loading. Using calibrated and assumed <br /> <br /> <br />soils parameters based on the data included the Smith report and a <br /> <br /> <br />preliminary evaluation of the earthquake potential at the site, a preliminary <br /> <br /> <br />determination was made that liquefaction does not pose a problem for the <br /> <br /> <br />dam. <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br />I <br /> <br />I <br />I <br /> <br />This report, dated December 21, 2000 is also included in Appendix D. <br /> <br />Discussion <br /> <br />I <br />I <br /> <br />We have suspect that the lack of a significant seepage cutoff separating the <br />embankment from the reservoir and lakebed, the occasional open slab joint and holes, <br />and the relatively loose soils behind the slabs and in the embankment may have <br />contributed to the formation of sinkholes. Pressure fluctuations caused by wave action <br />may be transmitted behind the slabs via the shallow concrete toe and the open slab <br />joints. Cycling of the pressure during high-wave conditions are believed to produce <br />conditions whereby the outward and downward release of the hydraulic pressure from <br />behind the slabs may be transporting and/or piping the embankment materials from <br />behind the slabs, potentially creating localized voids and/or sinkholes. It is probable that <br />as the waves subside, the lower portion of the slab and toe areas is self-healed, hiding <br />evidence of voids or piping. The main evidence of the piping incident is the <br />development of sinkholes at the dam crest. <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br /> <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br /> <br />With the exception of the 1999 slab failure event near station 103 + 00, we are <br />not aware'of any significant slab settlements, failures, or collapse, This would indicate <br />that any voids that may have been formed have been limited in extent, and the <br /> <br />22 <br />