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<br />North C~rolina, the storm water drain-
<br />age system was largely made up of ex-
<br />posed open ch~nnels. Fin~ings are com-
<br />pared with similar studies made in
<br />Tulsa, Oklahoma.
<br />
<br />.
<br />
<br />BRYAN, E..f1. 1972: "Quality of storm water
<br />drainage from urban landn. Water Re-
<br />sources Bulletin, Vo1.8(3); p578-588.
<br />
<br />Key words: storm runoff; urban
<br />runoff; biochemical oxygen demand;
<br />organic compounds; chemical oxygen de-
<br />mand~ solid wastes; chlorides:
<br />phosphorus compounds; lead;
<br />pesticides.
<br />
<br />Urban storm water from a 1,e67 acre
<br />drainage basin in Durham, N.C. was
<br />characterised to determine yield of
<br />pollutants. Population density aver-
<br />aged 9 persons per acre (ranging from
<br />less than 3 to 16). ~nnual 800 contri-
<br />bution attributable to surface wash
<br />during storms was determined to be ap-
<br />proximately equal to the contribution
<br />by its secondary waste w~ter treatment
<br />plant effluent. Total organic matter
<br />(COO) was estimated to exceed the am-
<br />ount in raw sanitary sewage from a re-
<br />sidentially developed area of the same
<br />size. Mean basin yields (lb/acre/day)
<br />were: BOD-0.23, COD-2.85, total
<br />solids-43.6, volatile total 501ids-4.8,
<br />total phosphate-0.0l and chloride-g.2~
<br />(as NaCl). The yield of lead presumed
<br />to originate from internal combustion
<br />engines operating on and near the basin
<br />was determined to be ~.B006
<br />lb/acre/day. The concentration of
<br />total pesticides (Dieldrin: o,p.DD8;
<br />o,p-DOT; p,p.ODD and p,pIOOT) weighted
<br />for flow significance was estimated to
<br />be 1.2 parts per billion. The major
<br />long term pollutional impact on a pro-
<br />jected downstream reservoir was consi-
<br />dered to be the fix~d solids residue
<br />and long t~rm oxygen demand (COD).
<br />Intermittent release of other pollu-
<br />tants in slugs during runoff periods
<br />may be a significant factor in causing
<br />undesirable effects in streams draining
<br />urban areas.
<br />
<br />BRYAN, E.H. 1974: "Concentration of lead
<br />in urban storm water". J. Water Pol-
<br />lution Control Federation, Vol.46(10);
<br />p2419-2421.
<br />
<br />metals;
<br />chemica.l
<br />wastes;
<br />chlorides:
<br />
<br />,
<br />
<br />Key words: lead: heavy
<br />biochemical oxygen demand;
<br />oxygen d~mand~ solid
<br />phosphorus compounds;
<br />pesticides.
<br />
<br />Results of the Durham research provided
<br />insights into the quality of storm
<br />water drainage from urban land and con-
<br />firmed prior work, which, in turn, has
<br />also been supported by recent observa-
<br />tions. Urban storm water from the
<br />l,e67 acr~ (432 ha) drainage basin in
<br />Durham, N.C., which has population den-
<br />sities ranging from less than 3 to 16
<br />persons/acre (~veraging 9), contributed
<br />pollutants in the following amounts:
<br />BOD' 0.23 lbldaylacre (2.5 kg/day/ha),
<br />COD' 2.85 Ibldaylacre (32 kg/day/ha).
<br />Total solids 43.6 Ib/day/acre (488
<br />kg/day/hal, volatile total solids. 4.8
<br />lbldaylacre (53.7 kg/day/ha). total
<br />
<br />phosphate 0.01 Ib/d.?ly/acre (0.11
<br />kg/day/hal, and chlori~e (as NaCl) a
<br />0.20 Ib/day/acre (2.24 kg/cloy/ha). The
<br />yield of lea1 presumed to origin~te
<br />from internal combustion engines oper-
<br />ating on and near th~ b~sin was deter-
<br />mined to be 0.AO~6 Ib/cay/acre (Q.~~672
<br />kg/day/ha). The concentration of total
<br />pesticides (Dieldrin: p,p.DOE.:
<br />o,p-DOT: p,p'DOD;and p,p'DOT) weighted
<br />for flow significance was estimated to
<br />be 1. 2 ppb.
<br />
<br />BUBECK, R.C. et al. 1971: -Runoff of de-
<br />icing salt: effect on Irondeouoit Bay,
<br />Rochester, New York". Science,
<br />Vol.172~ plI28-1132.
<br />
<br />Key words: water pollution;
<br />chlorides; surface runoff.
<br />
<br />Salt used for deicing the streets near
<br />Rochester, New York, has increased the
<br />chloride concentration in Irondequoit
<br />Bay at least fivefold during the past
<br />two decades. During the ....int"!r of
<br />1969-70 the quantity and salinity of
<br />the dense runoff that accumulate0 on
<br />the bottom of the bay was suffici~nt to
<br />prevent complete v~rtical ~ixing of the
<br />bay during the spring. Comparison with
<br />1939 conditions indic~t~s that the per-
<br />iod of summer stratification has been
<br />prolonged a month by the density gr~di-
<br />ent imposed by the salt runoff.
<br />
<br />BUCKINGHAM, P.L. et a1. 1979: .Combined
<br />sewer overflow abatement alternatives,
<br />Washington, D.C.". Water Pollution
<br />Control Series, Roy F. Weston, Inc.,
<br />West Chester, Pa; 24epp.
<br />
<br />Key words:
<br />runoff;
<br />runoff~
<br />over fl ows.
<br />
<br />surface
<br />storm
<br />control;
<br />
<br />combinen sewers~
<br />water pollution:
<br />water pollution
<br />
<br />Objectives of the project were: define
<br />the characteristics of combined sewer
<br />overflow, investigate the feasibility
<br />of high rate filtration for tre~tment
<br />of combined sewer overflow, and dpvelop
<br />and evaluate alternative methods of so-
<br />lution. Investi9~tive activities in-
<br />cluded: review of oertinent reoorts
<br />and technical literatur~; field moni-
<br />toring of combined sewer overflows an~
<br />separated storm water discharges at
<br />three sites; laboratory studies of ul-
<br />trahigh-rate filtration of combined
<br />sewer overflow; hydrolo~ical analysis:
<br />and evalu3tion of fe~sible alternatives
<br />(based on conceptual design, prelimina-
<br />ry cost estimates. and other factors).
<br />Reservoir storage, treatment at over-
<br />flow points, conveyance tunnels, and
<br />mined storage anj sewer separation were
<br />the approaches considered sufficiently
<br />promising for detailed evaluation.
<br />Tunnels and mine~ storage with treat-
<br />ment at the Blue Plains plant and at
<br />Kingman take after subsidence of the
<br />storm is recomr.ended. Estimated c~pi-
<br />tal costs (base~ on the 15 year storm)
<br />are $3l8,B00,0a~ with annual operation
<br />and maintp.nance costs of $3,53~.fl00.
<br />This approach ~lso was preferable to
<br />the others on ttP. basis of syst~matic
<br />evaluation of reliability, flexibility,
<br />public conve~ience and other
<br />non-quantifiabl~ factors.
<br />
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