FLOOD06313

• County: Statewide
• Community: Worldwide
• Basin: Statewide
• Title: Effects of Urban Land Use On Water Quantity and Quality: An Annotated Bibliography
• Date: 1/1/1979
• Prepared By: University of Waikato Department of Earth Sciences; Hamilton, New Zeland
• Floodplain - Doc Type: Educational/Technical/Reference Information

Surface runoff from rainstorms on the
small rcsid~ntial water~h8~ cont~ins
pol1ut~nt concentrations which vary in
average and extreme values from storm
to storm. Average total dissolved sol-
ids and nitrates as well as the average
pH value of storm runoff are within the
USPHS standards for drinking water,
while solids concentr~tions and total
alkalinity concentrations are in the
r~nge of those founn in raw sewage in-
fluent. Average BOn conc~ntrvtion of
the s~mples tested is ap9roximately the
same ~s that of secondnry sew~ge treat-
ment effluent.

BRUNNER, P.G. 1973: ftPollution of the ru-
noff in s0parate sew~r systems, and
measures for tn~ reduction of r2inw3ter
and runoff-generated pollution of water
bodies". Gas'-'tlaSser-_J\bw, Vol.S3(4);
?102-1lJ (In German).

Key words: storm runoff; pollution
abatement; biochemical oxygen demand~
chemical oxygen dem~nd; nitrogen com-
pounds; dissolved solids; bact~ria;
air pollution effects; phosphorus com-
pounds.

Storm runoff pollution measurement in
sewer systems conducted in Cincinnati,
Ohio~ Tulsa, Oklahoma; Ann Arbor, ~i-
chigDn; and in Oxley, En?land as well
as measures fa! pollution abatement of
w3ter bodies ~ave bp~n investioatcj.
The filtrable matter cont~nt ann~ dis-
solved solids content of th~ r~inf~ll
runoff in Tu1s~ ranQ~d fro~ 84 to 2~52
mg/litre u~0 from 89 to 4~~ roo/litre,
respectively. The ~OD5 and coo" values
of th~ runoff in the four cities were
in the ranges of 8-28 mg/litre and
42-138 reg/litre. Th~ solubl~ ortho-
phosphate cont~nt and th~ orgJnic ni-
trogent cont~nt averag2 0.54-3.49
mg/litre and e.36-2.1~ mg/1itre. This
runoff pollutant load c?n be effective-
ly reduced by intensified street
clean-u?, esp~cially in March and
April, and by global air pollution
abatement. ^ Cincinnati eXoerim~nt
with storm water retention for 10 to 2~
minut0s in a retention basin g~ve re-
sults concerning (me-diocre) pollutional
load abatement, (no) rffect on bacteria
count, and (fairly hig!1) investment and
operating costs. The rates of reduc-
tion in the BODS value, the organic ni-
trogen and total phosphate contents
achiev~d after retention of 20 minutes
in the four systems were 15, 33, 25 and
8 percent.

BRYAN, E.H. 1969: "Urban hydrology, waste
water tre~tment and stre~m pOllution-.
Proc. 18th southern I~O'Iter Resources
and Pollution control Conference, North
Carolina Slate University, Durham.

Key words: water pollution control;
urban hydrology; water pollution:
waste water treatment.

BRYhN, E.H. 197a:
drainage from
Carolini'lft.
lost., Rp?
gineering,

"Qu31ity of storm water
urban land areas in North
Water Resources Res.
No.3?, Dept. of Civil En-
Duke University, Durham,

N.C; 6Bpp.

Key words: urban drainage; l~nduse
change; data collection; mathematical
model s.

Th~ objective of this project was to
determine the quality char~cteristics
of storm water drainino from an urban
land drainage basin in ~orth Carolin~
as influenced by the n~ture of land use
on th~ basin. A number of areas in
North Carolina and elsewher~ ar~ con-
fronted with the need to reauire hiqh
degrees of water q~ality management.
Urbanisation of a region has an effect
on t~e qU31ity of it$ storm w~t~r. Th~
purpose of this stuOY wus to d~termin€
quantit~tive relatio~s~i9S b~tw~en jif-
f~r~nt lan~ us~ oatterns and conseau~nt
diff~rcnces in tho w~ter quality. The
drainage basin selected has an area of
1.67 square ~iles an~ is in th~ upper
portion of the Caoe River basin of
North Carolina. Re~idential, commer-
cial and industrial rctivities on the
selected bnsin are repres~ntative of
the urban land use pattern in North
Carolina cities and towns. Durincr the
first year a gauginq jnd sa~p1ing sta-
tion was installed on the outlet of the
major basin. SHmpling and analyses
w~re initiated to charact~rise the
qu~lity of water draining from the
basin and its two major constitu0nt ba-
sins. In the second year, the major
basin was divid~d into a nu~ber of sub-
sidiary basins to characteris~ th~
quality of water draining fro~ P2ch
sub-b~sin nnd att~mpt correl~tion of
its qualities with land use.

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BRYAN, E.H. 1971: hUrban storm w'ter oual-
ity and its imp~ct on the r~c~ivino
system.. Proc. 20th Southern ~ater
Resources and Pollution Control Confer-
ence, University of North Carolin~,
Durham:; 19pp.

Key words: storm runoff; pol lotion
abatement; analytical techniau~s;
biochemic~l oxygen' d~mand~ ch~mical
oxygen demand~ solid wastes~ erosion:;
lead.

~ study undertaken to characteris~
storm water from a typical urban drain-
age basin in Durh~m, N.C., indicated
that BOD disch~ra~j to the receiving
stream by urban storm water w~s about
eoual to the effluent from the second~-
ry sewage treatment olant, which, in
this case, was sn oercent ?bove the ~oo
normally attri~utab1e to domestic
sewage. The mnjor long-t~rm pollution
impact was a laroe fixed solids resi8ue
and lonQ-tcrm CaD. Efforts to imprOVE>
excessive erosion of construction sites
should imorove the oroblcrn of soli~s
which projected to nn annual loss of
volume displace~cnt ca9abi1ity of l~J
cu ft of impounament capacity per tri-
but~ry acre. Contribution of pollu-
tants by urban storm ~Bter is intermit-
tent, made in slugs ~uring and immedi-
ately following storms. Large ~mounts
of lead in sur(22e wash wer~ attributed
to leaded gasoline in internal combus-
tion engines. CorrelDtion co~fficient
between rainfall ~nd runoff was A.R9.
The drainage b~sin, an ar~a of 1.67 sq
mIs, representeG u good cross s~ction
of land use in the state; typical of

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