FLOOD06313

• County: Statewide
• Community: Worldwide
• Basin: Statewide
• Title: Effects of Urban Land Use On Water Quantity and Quality: An Annotated Bibliography
• Date: 1/1/1979
• Prepared By: University of Waikato Department of Earth Sciences; Hamilton, New Zeland
• Floodplain - Doc Type: Educational/Technical/Reference Information

BUCKINGHAM, R.~. and BETSON, R.P.
197e: -Faecal coliform concentrations
in storm waterw. Paper presented at
the American Geophysical Union, Slst
Annual Meeting.

Key words:
forms;
bacteria.

storm runofft faecal coli-
water pollution sources;

Recent limited storm water bacteriolog-
ical water quality sampling in the Ten-
nesse Valley indicates that high faecal
coliform loads are common in storm
water runo'f. In clean residential
Areas sustained high faecal coliform
loads were observed during storm water
runoff. The source of these loads was
associated with overland flow, and it
appears that staggered contributing
times account for the sustained high
loads. High faecal coliform counts
were also measured in storm waters ori-
ginating from agricultural areas and
forested watersheds. The consistency
with which faecal coliform counts in
excess of accepted standards are com-
monly found further substanti~tes the
need for an appraisal of this test as
an indicator of pathogenic organisms.
The data also point to th~ importance
of recognising the streamflow regime in
the analysis of water quality sampling
data since observations taken during
storm periods are usually high in bac-
teriological loads.

BULlARD, W. E. 1966: wEffects of land use
on water resources". J. Water Pollu-
tion Control Federation, Vol.38(4);
p645-659.

Key words: erosion;
toxicity; nutrients:
urban runoff.

pesticides:
solid wastest

Land areas included in drainage b~sins
or watersh~ds constitute a source of
water supplies. Lane condition among
other factors determines th~ quality of
water produced. Erosion and Sedimenta-
tion, toxins and nutrients, and wast~s
resulting from lend use are factors in-
volved in water qU3lity and pollution.
Erosion causes turbidity and sed-imenta-
tion, lowers water quality, and damages
aquatic life habitats. Fertilisers,
pesticides, and oth~r toxins and nutri-
ents contribute to pollution.
Agriculture, timber, mining, urban ru-
noff, and recreation also are pollution
contributors resulting from land USe.
All of these sources can be controlled
to beneficial degrees by more effective
landuse practices.

BURGESS and NIPLE LTD. 1969: .Stream pol-
lution and abatement from combined
sewer overflows, Bucyrus, Ohiow.
Burgess and Niple Limited, COlumbus,
Ohio, 201pp. (NTIS PB-195 162,
EPA-11024rKN 11/69.)

Key words: water pollution sourcest
water pollution controlt storm runofft
combined sewers; overflows: pollution
abatement: b~ctcria: se~age
treatment; biochemical oxygen demand.

The report contains the results of a
detailed engineeering investigation and

comprehensive t~chnical stucly to evalu-
ate the pollutional effects from com-
bined sewer overflows on th~ Sandusky
River at Bucyrus, Ohio, and to evaluate
the benefits, economics and feasibility
of alternate plans for pollution ~b~t~-
ment from the combin~d sewer overflows.
The city of Bucyrus is locat~d near th~
upper end of the Sandusky River basin
which is tributary to lake ~rie.
Bucyrus has an incor~rated area of
about 2.340 acres, a population of
13,08~, and a combined sewer system
with an avp.rage dry weather w~ste water
flow of 2.2 million gallons Q~r d~y. ~
year long detAiled sam~linq and l~bora-
tory analysis program was conducte~ on
the combined sewer overflows in which
the overflows w~re measured ?nd samplen
at three locations co~prisinq 64 ?er-
cent of the city's sewered are~ and the
river flow was measured and sampled
above and below 9ucyrus.

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BURM, R.J. 1967: wThe bacteriological ef-
fect of combined sewer overflows on th~
Detroit River-. J. Water Pollution
Control Federation, Vol.39(3)t
p410-424.

K~y words: f,:',!ec"ll coliformst c;(,)1!Ibined
sewers; storm runoff; water pollution
sources; bacteria: overflows.

A study was m~de of water qu~lity ~t
various points in the Detroit River be-
fore and after ruinfalls causing over-
flows of combin~d sew~rs. Effects of
these overflow~ on wuter qu~lity r~r-
sist for sev~r~l days aft~r disc~arg~
has ceased. The duration of ~ffects
increases with increas~ in the inten~i-
ty of the storm. 9acterial densities
increased as much as ~ thous~ndfold
after moder~te rains, at s~mpling po-
ints miles downstream from combin~a
sewer outfalls4 Further downstream,
increases in bacteri31 d~nsities w~r~
less but affect more of th~ stre~m
width. Faecal coliforms and fa~cal
streptococci. follow patterns similar to
those of total coliforms.

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BURM, R.J. et al. 1968: .Chemical and
physical comparison of combined and
separate sew~r discharge-. J. Water
Pollution Control Federation. Vol.4~;
p1l2.

Key words: biochemical oxygen dcmandt
suspended solids: combined sewers:
nitrates; phosphorus compounds;
nitrogen compounds; ph~nols.

A comparative study of separate
storm-sewer discharoes at Ann Arbor,
Mich., with combin~d~discharges in De-
troit showed th~t the BOD in the separ-
ate discharges was about 20 percent of
that in the combined disch~rges.
Concentrations lessene~ as dicharges
progressed. values for total and vola-
tile suspended solids and for total and
volatile settleable solids were higher
in the separate system because of gre-
ater erosion in hillier terrain.
Phosphates were higher in combin~d
flows, but nitr~tes were low~r. Hiqh~r
concentrations also were found in the
combined system for phenols, NU3-N, and
organic"N. In the separate system, BOD

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