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<br />Avulsion - A change in channel course that occurs when a stream suddenly breaks <br />through its banks; usually associated with a catastrophic event. <br /> <br />Backwater area - The low-lying lands adjacent 10 a stream that may become flooded <br />during periods of high water. <br /> <br />Baftle - A [plate, wall, screen, or other device 10 deflect or impede flow. <br /> <br />Bank - The side slopes of a channel between which the streamflow is normally confined. <br /> <br />Backfill - The material used 10 refill a ditch or other excavation, or the process of doing <br />so. <br /> <br />Bankfull discharge - On undisturbed natural streams, the discharge that fills the channel <br />to bankfull and usually having a recurrence interval of 1.5 to 2 years based <br />on the annual series. In ENDOW bankfu1l discharge is defined as the Q2.0. <br /> <br />Bar - A sand or gravel deposit found on the bed of a stream that is often exposed only <br />during low-water periods. <br /> <br />Bed - The ootlOm of a channel. <br /> <br />Bedload - Sediment that moves by saltation Gumping), rolling, or sliding in the bed <br />layer of a stream. <br /> <br />Bedrock - The solid rock underlying soils and overlying the mantle rock, ranging from <br />surface exposure 10 depths of several hundred feet. <br /> <br />Bed slope .. The change in bed elevation in a unit channel length horizontal distance. <br /> <br />Bend - A change in the direction of a stream channel. <br /> <br />Benthic - Of, pertaining to, or related to the botlOm of a stream or body of water. <br /> <br />Berm - A b~rrace or ledge formed within a channel at the base of the stream bank. Also a <br />terrace or ledge cut on a slope or at the lOp of an embankment 10 divert water <br />or intercept sliding earth. <br /> <br />Blanket - Material covering all or a portion of a streambank to prevent erosion. <br /> <br />Boatway - A reach of stream developed for boating or canoeing. <br /> <br />Braided stIeam - A relatively wide and shallow stream with multiple channels formed <br />by islands and bars in the waterway. <br /> <br />Brush maU:ress - A thick layer of brush placed on a streambank or slope and held in <br />place by wires and stakes. <br /> <br />Buffer zones - Areas of trees, grass, or other vegetation located between lOp bank and <br />adjacent pastures or cultivated fields (also called greenbelts). <br /> <br />XIV <br /> <br />COlorado Erosion COntrol Manual <br />