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<br />- <br /> <br />----.- <br /> <br />-~- <br /> <br />Bulkhea1 - A vertical or nearly vertical retaining walloI' structure 'lUJlporting a natural <br />or artificial streambank. <br /> <br />Bypass channel - A /load diversion channel constructed to bypas" a reach of natural <br />stream or feature,s of special interest such as wetlands. Bypass channels may <br />be constructed to convey all/lows or /load discharges only. <br /> <br />Caving - The collapse of a bank by undercutting due 10 we,aring away of the toe or an <br />erodible soillay"r above the toe. <br /> <br />Cellular-block mattress - Regularly cavilated interconnected concrete blocks or filter <br />placed directly on a streambank to prevent erosion. The cavities can pennit <br />bank drainage and the !:rowth of either volunteer or planted vegetation when <br />filter fabric is not used between the mattress and bank. <br /> <br />Cellular concrete - Precast or cast..in-place concrete blocks containing large intersticial <br />voids that are filled Witil soil and planted. <br /> <br />Channel - That portion of the river or stream which is characteristically deeper and <br />carries the all the' /low ltwing nonnal/low. <br /> <br />Channel width - The distance across a channel measured from one bank 10 the other at <br />bankfull stage. <br /> <br />Check dun - A low dam cQnstructed of logs. loose rock, or other material 10 control <br />water /low and check erosion. <br /> <br />Clay - Material passing No. 7.00 (0.074 mm) U. S. Standard Sieve. <br /> <br />Clay bllmket - Layer of comp.acted clay placed over cohesionless bank soils 10 protect <br />them against erosive stream/low. <br /> <br />Cobble - Large gravel and stones (64 to 256mm) that hav" been rounded by abrasiv" <br />action of /lowing water or waves. <br /> <br />Cohesive soil - Microscopic soil particles that have natural resistaJlc" 10 being pulled <br />apart at their point of contact. <br /> <br />Concrete block - Precast concrete materild placed on a stre,ambank 01' fLIter to prevent <br />erosion. <br /> <br />ConllUl:nce - The junction of two or more streams. <br /> <br />Constriction (/low) - A reduction in channel cross-sectionall area that result~ in greater <br />stream velocities and/or water depth. <br /> <br />Constrnction reference plane - A datum to which structure elevation,; are referenced. <br /> <br />Control point - A designated point along a traverse line at which elevation, longitude, <br />and latitude are noted. <br /> <br />Colomclo Erosion Contl'Ol Manual <br /> <br />xv <br />