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WETLAND CREATION/RESTORATION <br />Action <br />Action describes the procedures, activities, and <br />methods employed in the creation or restoration of a <br />wetland. Actions are undertaken to achieve the objec- <br />tives defined in the previously described field. This field <br />includes 15 key words. <br />Landform (Lform). This is the modification of topog- <br />raphy by landforming or earthmoving. Some examples <br />are dike or levee construction or breaching, changing <br />the elevation of the site, channel construction or block- <br />ing, construction of wildlife habitat features (ponds, <br />nesting sites), backfilling, grading, and contouring. <br />Spoil. This is a special case of landforming involving <br />the use of dredged materials (spoil) for wetland creation <br />(e.g., salt marsh creation on dredged material, diking, <br />filling with dredged material). <br />Seed. This is the dissemination of seed by artificial <br />means. It includes the use of mulch as a seed source. <br />60 <br />50 <br />Plant. This is the introduction of plants as part of the <br />wetland restoration or creation process, including <br />planted seedlings, transplants, or cuttings. <br />Soil. This is the addition of soil (including peat or <br />topsoil) to the wetland site, including surface prepara- <br />tion, such as disking or the removal of debris and litter. <br />Peat inoculation may also be coded as Seed if its role as <br />a seed source is discussed. <br />Stocking (Stock). Stocking is the artificial introduction <br />of animals to the wetland project site. <br />Hydrology (Hydro). This action refers to the active <br />manipulation of the hydrologic regime (e.g., stop-log <br />spillway operation, drainage, pumping). It does not in- <br />clude those actions described under Landform. <br />Biocide. This is the application of biocides as a <br />management action to eliminate or reduce undesirable <br />species. For example, herbicides may be applied to <br />remove unwanted plant species before planting pre- <br />ferred species. <br />N <br />40 <br />O <br />0 <br />W <br />M 30 <br />U. <br />O <br />0 20 <br />10 <br />0 <br />Z Z <br />W J Q r Q <br /> <br /> <br />cc ¢ <br />W <br />W <br /> <br />Q Z <br />J <br />W W } z <br /> <br /> OBJECTIVE <br />J <br />d <br />tr <br />a <br />3 <br />Based on 1100 Records in the Wetland Creation/Restoration Data Base <br />Fig. 5. Objectives of wetland creation restoration projects.