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Box 2. Opportunities for effective management of genetic resources in <br />endangered and candidate fish stocks. (These opportunities are <br />listed by priority: Modified from Riggs 1990) <br />Conserve populations or stocks for their genetic potential for <br />recovery, applicable legal mandate, and social or cultural values. <br />Facilitate natural recruitment to develop self-sustaining <br />populations. <br />3. Maintain natural genetic diversity in situations where <br />supplementation with captive-reared fish is necessary. <br />4. Employ breeding strategies that will result in genetic diversity <br />similar to wild stocks where stocking of captive-reared fish <br />is intended to complement natural recruitment. <br />5. Augmentation or restoration stocking will supplement or reestablish <br />stocks in waters where little or no recruitment occurs by native <br />or naturalized populations. <br />6. A thorough evaluation of all experimental stocking will be made <br />prior to any large-scale augmentation or restoration stocking. <br />III. CRITERIA FOR IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION <br />OF ENDANGERED AND CANDIDATE FISH STOCKS <br />and <br />DETERMINING THE STATUS AND TRENDS OF STOCKS <br />Individuals of natural animal populations are rarely distributed randomly and <br />their distributions may range from continuous to clumped (Barker 1989). The <br />philosophy, and goals regarding genetic management are based on the recognition <br />that stocks or local self-sustaining populations must be considered the <br />operational unit in the recovery/restoration effort. These stocks or populations <br />may contain unique genetic attributes that allowed these endemic fish species to <br />evolve and occupy habitats on the edge of their historic ranges (Philipp et al. <br />1986, 1993). <br />A. Criteria for Identification and Characterization of Fish Stocks. A stock is <br />defined as a randomly breeding group of individuals that has spatial, <br />6