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correct, all actions should be thoroughly evaluated so actions are <br />completed systematically and adjustments or refinements made as <br />needed to obtain the desired response. <br />F <br />Opportunities for Effective Management of Genetic Resources. Some <br />recovery/restoration actions have higher priorities than others with <br />regard to protecting and maintaining the genetic diversity. Application <br />of management opportunities (See Box 2) will ensure that recovery and/or <br />restoration is completed in a manner that maintains genetic diversity or <br />causes the least adverse affects on these stocks. Recovery and <br />restoration efforts will emphasis preserving and enhancing natural <br />habitats. However, captive propagation and stocking can be a useful tool <br />in recovery/restoration efforts where wild stocks are low in number or <br />fish have become extirpated. <br />Production Strategies. Three production strategies can be used to <br />recover and restore endangered and candidate fishes (Riggs 1990): <br />All Natural. Establish a refuge or genetic conservation area to <br />manage a natural or naturalized population or stock without any kind <br />of captive production or supplementation. <br />2. Supplementation. Restore natural wild fish spawning while minimizing <br />genetic risks through captive propagation and supplemental stocking. <br />3. All Captive-Reared. Maximize hatchery contribution to maintain <br />populations or stocks with little or no expectation of restoring <br />natural production. <br />Since the goal of recovery is to develop self-sustaining populations or <br />stocks, strategy 1 would be used in the recovery of the Colorado <br />squawfish, humpback chub, Kendall Warm Springs dace, and Neosho madtom. <br />Strategy 2 would be used for recovery of the razorback sucker, bonytail <br />chub, pallid sturgeon, and greenback cutthroat trout. Strategy 3 may be <br />used as a last resort to maintain a species in the wild. However, <br />endangered and candidate fish stocks that are in jeopardy of extinction <br />could be maintained in refuges as broodstocks that are genetically <br />managed until the limiting factors in their natural environment can be <br />eliminated or reduced. <br />5