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generally includes adding salt (19 g/gallon), Stress Coat (1 mUgallon), and other chemicals such as Furacin (C. Fiegel, USFWS, pers. com.). We suggest direct transport via helicopter to the appropriate receiving facility. Since several hundred to several thousand fish will be transported (numbers are discussed below), this will likely require several long distance flights per year just for fish transport. Two large coolers, each containing from 300 to 400 age-O fish, and supplied with oxygen should be the maximum expectations for transport. More preferable would be one cooler transported per flight, with a technician on board to monitor oxygen levels. In summary, we recommend capturing fish at age-O (50-70 mm), from multiple localities within the LCR during the months of July and August. What is the best size to grow out captive fish before release? We recommend that fish are grown out to a minimum of 150 mm for initial efforts. There is consensus that it is imperative to have the ability to monitor the released fish. Fish ~ 150 mm can be PIT tagged, and individually tracked with ongoing monitoring efforts once released into the wild. Whereas age-O humpback chub show minimal growth at 10 oC (Gorman and VanHoosen 2000), once humpback chub reach 150+ mm, they will grow in mainstem waters (Valdez and Ryel 1995). For example, monthly growth rates of 2.25 mm, and 2.79 mm were calculated for mainstem fish between 150 to 200 mm, and between 200 to 250 mm, respectively (Valdez and Ryel 1995). In contrast, monthly growth rates of 1.42 mm and 1.33 mm were calculated for 150 to 200 mm, and for 200 to 250 mm fish in the LCR (Minckley 1992). This discrepancy may not be real, or it could be that once fish reach 150+ mm, there is more food available in the mainstem, allowing faster growth even at lower temperatures. Whether to grow fish beyond 150 mm becomes a question subject to debate. Larger humpback chub (>150 mm) should be even less prone to the effects of predation by nonnative fishes (Valdez and Ryel 1995), and to the detrimental effects associated with cold, fluctuating river flows (Clarkson and Childs 2000). Wild fish that are 200 mm are estimated to have a greater annual survivorship than wild fish at 150 mm (Table 1). Note that to obtain even a 52% annual wild survival rate, fish would need to be 134 mm. Therefore, fish grown to 150 mm could optimally have a post-release annual survival rate of -55%, while fish grown to 200 mm could have an optimal post-release annual survival rate of 67% (Table 1). Unfortunately, the above survival rates are likely highly optimistic since they are estimated wild survival rates. Actual survivorship rates of released fish grown in captivity will likely be much lower. For example, for salmonids, typically less than 5% of all hatchery-reared fish make it to adulthood (McNeil 1991). For other species released from hatcheries, the number is commonly lower (e.g., chum salmon 1-3%, and cod <1 %; Salvanes 2001). Low returns for hatchery-reared trout have been reported for 27