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<br /> DISTANCE (n mil <br /> 0.1 10 100 <br /> 2.~ <br /> SUMMER <br /> 2.0 MONTANA <br />~E I.~ <br />.... <br />2 <br />" 1.0 <br />~ <br />..J <br /> 0.5 <br /> 0,0 <br /> 0.1 10 100 1000 <br /> DISTANCE (km) <br /> <br /> <br />Fig. 2.13: The percentage of flight hours in sumnertime in Montana <br />during which the indicated liquid water contents, averaged over the <br />indicated distances, were encountered at least once. <br /> <br />precipi tation growth, as argued later in this report, and this <br /> <br />accounts for the relatively low fraction of the CuCg clouds studied <br /> <br />which developed to a precipitating stage. <br /> <br />2.7: Entrainnent. The hypothesized physical chain of events leading <br /> <br />to the formation of precipitation in HIPLEX-l clouds was usually <br /> <br />incomplete, primarily due to the (unanticipated) rapid decay of cloud <br /> <br /> <br />liquid water content in the region between -5 and -80C (Cooper et al., <br /> <br />1982b ,c). The liquid water content typically decayed to a few tenths <br /> <br />g/m3 in about 14 min (see 94.10 of this report). Calculations in Cooper <br /> <br />(1981) and in 93.3 show that the accretional growth of ice crystals to <br /> <br />graupel particles requHes more than 30 min if the liquid water <br /> <br /> <br />content is less than 1 g/m3. Also, estimates of the mass of ice which <br /> <br />formed as a result of seeding were typically less than one-tenth of <br /> <br />21 <br />