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Last modified
7/28/2009 2:34:27 PM
Creation date
3/5/2008 2:26:04 PM
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Template:
Weather Modification
Title
Quantifying Ice Nucleation by Silver Iodide Aerosols
Date
5/1/1990
State
CO
Weather Modification - Doc Type
Report
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<br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br /> <br />5.24 <br /> <br />5.25 <br /> <br />5.26 <br /> <br />5.27 <br /> <br />5.28 <br /> <br />5.29 <br /> <br />5.30 <br /> <br />5.31 <br /> <br />5.32 <br /> <br />Summary of immersion-freezing fractions nucleated (F ) <br />versus temperature in 4 experiments for 0.03~m(a) and ~ <br />experiments for 0.07~m (b) AgI-AgCl aerosols. R~~ression <br />lines for (5.8) are also presented (p - 4.36x10 , 1 - 4, m <br />t -s <br />- 2.818, r - 0.91 in (a); p - 3. 36x10 , 1 - 6.5, m - <br />2.737, r2 - 0.89 in (b)). <br /> <br />As in Figure 5.24, but for AgI-AgCl-4NaCl aerosols. For <br />-s <br />0.03~m aerosols, (5.8) gave p - l.79x10 , 1 - 6, m- <br />2 -8 <br />3.722, and r - 0.80. For 0.07pm aerosols, p - 3.16x10 , 1 <br />- 4, m - 6.806, and r2 - 0.94. <br /> <br />Immersion-freezing active site density versus.temperature <br />for all data (both aerosols) combined. Fitting (5.8) gives <br />s 2 <br />p - 1.688xlO , 1 - 5, m - 4.0, and r - 0.73. <br /> <br />Comparison of potential active site densities by deposition <br />(DEP) , contact-freezing (CTF) , and immersion-freezing (IMF) <br />nucleation for AgI-AgCl aerosols. Computation are for a <br />water saturated cloud. <br /> <br />As in figure 5.27, but for AgI-AgCl-4NaCl aerosols. <br /> <br />Cloud quantities measured in dominant condensation-freezing <br />experiment usi~F 0.03~m AgI-AgCl aerosols. Simulated ascent <br />rate was 5 m s . Aerosols were injected before cloud <br />point. Ice fractions plotted are the cumulative (solid <br />line) and the estimated residual after subtracting CTF, <br />IMF, and DEP contributions (dotted line). Supersaturation <br />is from the equivalent cloud model simulation (~ <br />uncertainty, given by dashes). <br /> <br />For experiment in Figure 5.29, the calculated contributions <br />of CTF (+), DEP (x), IMF (0), and the residual (e) <br />fractions of ice forming versus temperature in (a), and the <br />contributions of the residual (taken as condensation- <br />freezing fraction) and other modes combined versus S in <br />(b). W <br /> <br />Rapid expansion method experimental data. Saturation ratio <br />is from the ACPL model for first lOs, and from the dewpoint <br />hygrometer at later times. Temperature and pressure traces <br />were from a strip chart records (scales indicated by <br />arrow). Droplet concentrations are from 2s data records. <br />Ice values are interpolated from l5s values. <br /> <br />Condensation-freezing fractions for 0.03~m (a) and 0.07~m <br />(b) aerosols as a function of both temperature and water <br />supersaturation. <br /> <br />xv <br /> <br />113 <br /> <br />114 <br /> <br />115 <br /> <br />l17 <br /> <br />118 <br /> <br />121 <br /> <br />122 <br /> <br />123 <br /> <br />126 <br />
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