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18 <br />™Uncontrollable flow during release due to inability <br />to adjust or throttle valves and/or gates because of <br />lack of design or maintenance. <br />It is a fact of life that dams pose hazards of varying <br />degrees to the populations and environments <br />surrounding them. But with proactive understanding of <br />the capabilities and limitations of our dam systems, <br />identification of the potential impacts around them, <br />and proper coordination, these effects can be <br />mitigated by planning and if necessary, modification. <br />Having an operable system to allow controlled <br />reservoir releases is imperative to the safe operation <br />of dams, both small and large. <br />Useful References <br />[1]French, Richard. (1984).Salinity in Watercourses and Reservoirs. <br />Massachusetts: Butterworth Publishers <br />[2]State of Colorado: Department of Natural Resources. (2007).Rules <br />and Regulations for Dam Safety and Dam Construction <br />[3]United States Department of the Army: US Army Corps of Engineers. <br />(1975).ER-1110-2-50:Low-Level Discharge Facilities for Drawdown of <br />Impoundments <br />[4]United States Department of the Army: US Army Corps of Engineers. <br />(2003).EM 1110-2-1902: Slope Stability <br />[5]United States Department of the Interior: US Bureau of Reclamation. <br />(1987).Design of Small Dams <br />[6]United States Department of the Interior: Bureau of Reclamation. <br />(1990).Criteria and Guidelines for Evacuating Storage Reservoirs and <br />Sizing Low-Level Outlet Works <br />[7]United States Department of the Interior: Bureau of Reclamation. <br />(2011).Appurtenant Structures for Dams (Spillway and Outlet Works) <br />Design Standards <br />[8] US Army Corps of Engineers, Regulatory Guidance Letter 05-04, <br />August 19, 2005,Guidance on the Discharge of Sediments From or <br />Through a Dam and the Breaching of Dams, for Purposes of Section <br />404 of the Clean Water Act and Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors <br />Act of 1899 <br />