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In reference to the erosion netting a product such as Curlex Excelsior Blankets, Polyjute or similar type products <br />can be utilized to minimize wind and water erosion of the stockpile. The other option would be to use an erosion <br />control geotextile such as one produced by Mirafi, or similar type produced by other manufactures. If these <br />products were used they would be installed per the manufactures recommendation, which typically involves <br />unrolling the product and stapling it to the ground. Likewise, the sections, where required, would be overlapped <br />and stapled to the ground. <br />Redistribution of the soil will be done, wherever practicable, at a time when the physical, chemical, and biological <br />properties of the soil can be protected from alteration while mimmizmg the potential for erosion. If feasible, <br />redistribution will take place during the early summer and fall when the soil moisture levels help reduce the <br />emission of particulate dust. <br />Regrading topsoil during these seasons with a dozer or rubber tired blade will also minimize compaction. Frost <br />action plus wetting and drying should loosen most compacted zones to a depth of 20 inches, even in soils with a <br />high clay content, as documented by Shafer et al., (1979). <br />Leaving graded spoils in a roughened condition will alleviate slippage surfaces. <br />Problems with a root penetration are mitigated by application of topsoil to rough - graded spoil. Numerous field and <br />greenhouse studies conducted by Dr. W.J. McGinnies of the USDA - SEA -ARS on mine spoil from the Energy <br />Mine No. 1 have documented that physical differences between reapplied topsoil and the underlying materials do <br />not affect root penetration. <br />Topsoil will be redistributed on regraded spoils to the depth specified under Rule 2.05.4(2)(b) and shown on Map <br />29, Reclamation. The reconstructed soil profile depth will be similar to the premme thickness and will be fully <br />capable of supporting plant growth needed for the proposed postmining land use. The beneficial effects of as little <br />as 2 inches of topsoil were demonstrated by Schuman and Power, 1980 in a paper entitled, "Plant Growth as <br />Affected by Topsoil Depth and Quality of Mine Lands ". The redistribution will be accomplished with the <br />equipment and in the manner described in Rule 2.05.4(2)(a) and (b) above. <br />After redistribution and as soon as conditions allow, the topsoil will be graded to assure a uniform and stable <br />thickness consistent with the proposed postmining land use, contours, surface water drainage system, and <br />revegetation requirements. Application and subsequent bladmg along the contour will reduce erosion potential of <br />all topsoiled areas. Wind and water erosion control will be accomplished as described under Rule 2.05.4(2)( c) <br />above. <br />The final seedbed will be prepared with a chisel plow. This is designed to relieve compaction, promote moisture <br />infiltration, and encourage root penetration by the seeded vegetation. Reclaimed areas will be drill seeded with a <br />rangeland drill. As soon as conditions peiinit, the reseeded area will be contour furrowed according to the <br />specifications contained in Figure 12, Design of Typical Contour Furrow. The specific advantages of contour <br />furrowing are discussed in greater detail under the Soil Stabilization Plan presented in Rule 2.05.4(2)(c). <br />Concerning the Fish Creek Tipple operation, affected lands within the permit boundary were disturbed prior to the <br />promulgation of regulations requiring topsoil salvage and storage. Consequently, a mixture of spoil and soil <br />materials will be utilized as a plant growth medium. Additional discussion is found on pages 2.05 -37 and 2.05 -38 <br />of Volume VII, Fish Creek Tipple /Loadout Operation Appendix. <br />Permit Renewal No. 3 <br />2.05 -108 4/1/99 <br />