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Topsoil stockpiles, areas requiring temporary redamalion for approximately one year or longer, and roadside • <br />disturbances will be seeded with Seed Mix No. 3 (fable 133). Species selection was based on the need for <br />rapid establishment; longevdy; adaptability to a range of soil textures, aspects, and slopes; sod fanning <br />ability; presence of speces that have deep root systems or a large and fibrous root mass; and a level of <br />nitrogen maintenance in the soil or plant growth medium. An effort was matle to balance the composition <br />of the mix in favor of native spedes while still maximizing the potential for effectiveness. <br />Seed Mix No. 4 (Table 134) is a list of annual grains which will be used for cover cropping in redaimed <br />areas, or as vegetative stabilization for areas needing protection for approximately one year or less. Barley, <br />oats, or winter wheat will be used depending on the season in which seeding will be done. Cover cropping <br />may be done alone (at times other than the normal fall planting period) or simultaneously wdh fall planting. <br />Competition with perennial species will not be a problem because of the relatively low seeding rates used <br />(normal crop production seeding rates for annual grains are 50 to 60 pounds per acre) and the annual <br />rainfall received at the Seneca 11 Mine. The use of an annual grain wiN also compliment the permanent mix. <br />Within the permanent mix are spedes that have different rates of establishment and longevity. As an <br />example, slender wheatgrass is one of the earliest establishing perennial grasses, but is not as long-lived as <br />later establishing perennial species. The annual grains establish faster than the perennial spedes, inducting <br />slender wheatgrass, and help to develop an effective cover more rapidly. Establishing perennial species will • <br />have replaced most or all annual grains by the next growing season. This is supported by annual <br />observations of seeded areas. Time of seeding will determine which spedes is used. Willer wheat seeded <br />in the late spring or badey or oats seeded in the summer or earty fall will fail to mature a grain crop, and thus <br />reduce volunteering. Cover crops have been used effectively for a number of years at the Seneca II Mine. <br />TABLE 134 <br />SEED MIX N0.4 -COVER CROP <br />Drill Rate' <br />P.L.S. <br />Spedes IbsfAkxe <br />1. Hordeum vulcare Sixrow barley 20 <br />2. Triticumaestivum Winter wheat 20 <br />3. Avena saliva Oats 20 <br />'Broadcast rate is double the drill seeding rate <br />In order to consider all shrub establishment technologies, concentrated seeding of shrubs is inducted as an • <br />TR37 1316 Revised 04/05 <br />