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ERO Resources <br />as is the fair abundance of snakeweed O(anthace~+aly~ sarothraei, Both <br />• 6peCle6 are, in addition, indicators of overgrazing. <br />Costello also cites pedestalling of sagebrush as a cign of decline. Other <br />species indicative of overgrazing mentioned by this report are long-leaf <br />phlox (Phlox l~,lpifolia), cushion phlox IP~lox hoodii). globemallow <br />lSnhaeralcea raccirna) and pusseytoes l~ennaria ~rvifolia), <br />It is significant that the majority of the characteristics discussed above <br />typify the Deaerado Mine site. Increased numbers of young junipers and <br />evidence of their invasion into savarttiahs are directly relatable to the <br />land use history of the area: grazing by sheep. Erosion and pedestalling <br />of sagebrush is notable in marry areas. The decline of western wheatgrass <br />and the increase of Colorado wildrye t 1 ~c ambiyyous) also relate to <br />known effects of overgrazing. Postclimax density of big sagebrush in some <br />sites on the permit area is another well-understood effect of overuse by <br />grazing animals. Finally, the increased predominance of weedy species and <br />open ground surfaces point to abuse by unmanaged grazing. <br />• <br />Shrub species are of predominant importance in the majority of vegetation <br />types that occur on the permit area (Table 2). Rig sagebrush is the most <br />important of these shrubs. The role of greasewood l`~ai~JHtLLri <br />vermiculatus), shadscale (Atriolex confertifolia) and big rabbitbrueh <br />(Chrvsothamnus nauseosusi are also of significance. <br />The juniper woodlands that occupy large extents of the permit area are <br />secondary in their dominance of total land area. The principal tree in <br />these woodlands is Utah juniper lJuni erus osteosj>erma). Other tree <br />species include Rocky Mountain juniper (~],, s~n~lorum) and pinyon pine <br />Ipinus edulisl; these species are rare to infrequent. <br />Important autecological features of the major shrub and tree species <br />occurring in the permit area are discussed below. The following <br />references were used in developing this information: Daubenmira 1942, <br />Costello 1944, Tueller and Clark 1975 and West et al. 1975. <br />• <br />II.F-16 <br />