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2002-07-08_GENERAL DOCUMENTS - M2002004 (4)
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2002-07-08_GENERAL DOCUMENTS - M2002004 (4)
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8/24/2016 2:18:41 PM
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DRMS Permit Index
Permit No
M2002004
IBM Index Class Name
GENERAL DOCUMENTS
Doc Date
7/8/2002
Doc Name
ATTACHMENT, PART 3
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HABITAT MGMT
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In contrast to the commonly recognized benefits of separate <br />topsoil /subsoil handling in certain situations, the beneficiality of <br />separate handling of different horizons or depth increments within <br />salvaged topsoil itself (i.e., multiple -lift topsoiling) has been quite <br />controversial. McGinnies (23) noted that where multiple -lift topsoiling <br />has been implemented, it has created additional soil compaction and <br />logistical difficulties associated with depositing the first - salvaged, <br />uppermost horizons last during topsoil application. He also reported no <br />significant differences in vegetation productivity between mixed A and B <br />horizon and A over B horizon topsoiling treatments in a field trial in <br />Colorado. Preliminary data of a similar Montana mined land study of <br />Schuman (46) concur with the above results, suggesting no clear <br />advantage of multiple -lift topsoiling in terms of either soils charac- <br />teristics or vegetation productivity. Power et al. (34) reported <br />similar results for rangeland plant species on North Dakota mined lands, <br />but did note an advantage of separate, sequential deposition of A over B <br />horizon topsoil for wheat production. <br />Because of the above -noted logistical /technical difficulties and <br />questionable value of multiple -lift topsoiling, most topsoil salvage <br />and reapplication of Northern Great Plains mined lands where rangeland <br />reestablishment is the objective has been by either single -lift or non - <br />depth segregated methods. However, it should be recognized that most <br />of the past research casting doubt on the value of multiple -lift top - <br />soiling has emphasized only vegetation productivity and /or soils charac- <br />teristics as bases for evaluation. Little, if any, published informa- <br />tion is available concerning effects of multiple lift topsoiling on <br />vegetation diversity. This is unfortunate because, for reasons dis- <br />cussed below, it is possible that diversity within mined land plant <br />communities may be enhanced by increased volunteer plant growth under <br />this topsoiling strategy. <br />A number of past studies have demonstrated greatest concentrations <br />of seeds and vegetative plant propagules in uppermost portions of the <br />soil profile. Beauchamp et al. (3) found, with few exceptions, <br />substantially higher viable seed concentrations in the uppermost 2.5 cm <br />zone than in the 2.5 -5.0 cm zone of several native soil profiles in <br />Wyoming. In North Dakota, Iverson and Wali (20) also noted declines <br />of germinable seeds with increasing native soil depth, with 74 to 94% <br />of total germinable seeds located within the uppermost 7.5 cm of the <br />soil. They also demonstrated diversity of seed reserves to be far <br />greater in the 0 to 7.5 cm soil depth range than at deeper depths. <br />In light of the above relationships, it is obvious that multiple <br />lift topsoiling- -which strives to separately salvage and replace <br />surface topsoil horizons again at the surface following mining - -will <br />tend to concentrate most stored seed reserves close to the soil surface, <br />thus enhancing both numbers and probabilities of germinating seeds. <br />Single -lift or non -depth segregated topsoiling, conversely, will tend <br />to dilute seed concentrations close to the minesoil surface through <br />mixing of soil horizons during salvage and handling, resulting in burial <br />of a substantial proportion of the total soil seed reserve at depths too <br />262 <br />
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