91
<br />HALVORSON ET AL: TOPSOIL THICKNESS REQUIREMENTS FOR RECLAMATION OF NONSODIC MINED -LAND 419
<br />ity of saturated soil. In C.A. Black et al. (ed.) Methods of Soil
<br />Analysis, Part 1. Agronomy 9:210 -221: ' -
<br />Klute, A. 1965b. Water capacity. In C.A. Black et aL;(ed.) Methods
<br />of Soil Analysis, Part 1. Agronomy 9:273 -278. - - "
<br />Luxmoore, R.I. 1981. Micro -, meso-, and macroporosity of soil. Soil
<br />Sci. Soc. Am. J. 45:671 -672.
<br />Larson, W.E., R.F. Holt, and C.W. Carlson. 1978. Residues for soil
<br />Conservation. p. 1 -15. In W.R. Oschwald fed.) Crop residue manx, :
<br />agement systems. Spec. Pub. 31. American.SocietrofAgronomy;
<br />Madison, WL ., ° "
<br />Lyles, L, J.D. Dickerson, and LA: Disra 1970: ModiSed,rotary
<br />sieve for improved accuracy. Soil Sci. 1 109:207 -210.: .. H=- '>'
<br />McCalla, T.M 1945. Influence of micro - organisms and
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<br />>. s :. ,: = u►;, -, �. ri e�x.. t .
<br />Olmstead, LB. 1946. The effect of long =time cropping SySteins
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<br />g „. - 'rr •,.,
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<br />wheat-tallow system. Soil Sci. Sod' Aar' J: 4d : 496 600.
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<br />axis 41:fr
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<br />47_- _ °
<br />trenches were exava to'
<br />three different spol 'tto
<br />dice mesa requirements for crop prodmc
<br />#'216trinlieriaL Yields of wheat (7111 . /9. ere
<br />barley (Ilo rdewn
<br />ii 11981 islgare L) i980
<br />c :*€
<br />;.• . ae..
<br />and_ 1983 were compared on pigs
<br />4t opsof rePlaced over loamy sand sp�o
<br />s t
<br />z O
<br />7 trawled with a* thicckn� ofrrep
<br />"'trenches Shied with loamy sand spofl.Crbpllelds were grester -'-_ -
<br />subsoihwas replaced than when no subsoll Was :replaced ern ,
<br />. - sand •spoil at a given topsoil tbicicnese.`llmage jklds:from,the3 "
<br />trenches were equal to or better than average yields-frae ndis7 ,,
<br />tirbed plots in 1979 and 1983. On irrigated plate in 1983, response
<br />of silage and Corn grain to subsoil/spod t real me b_,_r+as similar ti
<br />- the ironirrigated plots. Wheat grown oa irrigated :plots'in 1987 # dM W;
<br />"sot respo significantly fan topsoil thiciciiest of subsoil�sp treat=
<br />meals. At least 0.69 m of topsoil plus tidied was required 10 achieie;
<br />- highest yields on nonsodic, nonsaline; loamy sand spoil, b ut 0.46 to. ` -
<br />_ 0.69 m of topsoil was ruff dent for higbesl Welds en cbgbanilina-
<br />dity day loam nonsaline, nonsodic spofi. Crop yields were not
<br />- awned by broadcast applications of N and P fertilize . - -
<br />• Additional Index spoil, Triticumm aestirsn, Horrletni rul-
<br />Pre, Zes mays, production; nonsaline.'
<br />Halvorson, GA, S.W. Melsted,. S.A. Schroeder, C.M. Smith; and,
<br />M.W. Pole. 1986. Topsoil and subsoil thickness requirements for
<br />' Contribution from the Land Reclamation 'Research Center
<br />C), North Dakota State Univ., Box 459, Mandan, ND 58554.
<br />ived 24 Dec. 1985. '
<br />2 Halvorson and Schroeder are Associate Soil Scientists, LRRC;
<br />M elsted is retired Research Scientist, LRRC; Smith is former Head,
<br />. of Soils, currently Soil Scientist, CSRS/USDA, Washington,
<br />and Pole is former Research Associate, Dep. of Soils, North
<br />Dakota State Univ., currently Manager of Compliance and Reels-,
<br />motion, North American Coal Corp., Bismarck, ND. -- -
<br />#.J
<br />nts for_:Reclaination of Nonsodic Mined -land'
<br />M. SMITH, AND M. W. POLE ,
<br />P ;S -1, - >: • ,
<br />lion of nonsodic mined -land. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 50:419-
<br />l
<br />HE L IGNITEMrrimiG - AREAof North Dakota is 10
<br />- sated in two main h io hic regions. Ys gmP egions. The re-
<br />gion located south - and west of the Missouri River has
<br />soils developed primarily from soft" shale, siltstone,
<br />. and some sandstone of the Bullion Creek and Sentinel
<br />Butte formations overlying the - coal deposits (Wali and
<br />Sandoval, 1975). These materials often are saline or
<br />sodic_ The region located north and east of the Mis-
<br />souri River has soils developed mainly on glacial till,
<br />which it generally nonsaline and nonsodic. Almost all
<br />previous experiments on topsoil and subsoil thickness
<br />requirements in North Dakota were conducted in the
<br />region south and west of the Missouri River.
<br />Replacing topsoil on spoil is one of the most effec-
<br />tive methods of restoring productivity to strip -mined
<br />lands (Merrill et al., 1980), but the thickness of soil
<br />replacement required for maximum production is af-
<br />fected by spoil characteristics. Maximum production
<br />on 15 wedge plots in the Northern Great Plains was.
<br />achieved with 0.50 m of soil placed on generic spoil,
<br />0.71 m on sodic spoil, and 0 m on soil -like spoil (Barth
<br />and Martin, 1984). On a wedge experiment initiated
<br />in 1974 to determine topsoil and subsoil thickness re-
<br />quirements on spoil with a Na adsorption ratio (SAR)
<br />of 25 (Power et al., 1981), largest yields were obtained
<br />on 0.2 m of topsoil placed on 0.55 to 1.10 m of non -
<br />sodic subsoil. These researchers concluded that 0.9 m
<br />of soil material is required to obtain maximum pro-
<br />duction of most crops under the climatic conditions
<br />encountered. They also found no difference in yields
<br />between subsoil wedge plots covered with 0.20 and
<br />
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