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Doc Date:12/11/2001 III IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII <br />conditions. Seeds can be placed on the surface or incorporated 1/2 to I" into <br />the soil, depending upon the depth bands used and the replaced soil texture. <br />When conditions preclude the use of machinery for seeding, seeds are broadcast at <br />approximately one and one half times the rate for drill seeding. <br />Mature shrub transplanting will be through the use of a front end loader using <br />either a standard or modified bucket or other types of equipment capable of per- <br />forming the same task. (Refer to Sections 3.6.3.5 and 4.4.2.3, for shrubby plant <br />densities and Section 4.6.2 for transplanting methods and locations.) <br />t)II? 3.6.3.5 Species Selection and Establishment <br />In the consideration of plant species to be seeded or transplanted, Trapper Mine <br />has established specific requirements that must be met. First, the species must <br />be suited to the post mining land use, i.e. wildlife habitat (including winter <br />• range for deer and elk), and spring and fall range for sheep. Secondly, the <br />species must provide an adequate amount of cover and quality of forage. Most of <br />the plant species must be palatable to large ungulates and be able to withstand <br />the pressures of grazing. Next, they must provide adequate site protection <br />against erosion. In order to promote species diversity, they must be able to <br />maintain themselves in the stand. And finally, the seeds or transplants must be <br />available commercially. <br />According to Cook et al(1974), the site factors to be considered when planning a <br />seed mix are climatic, edaphic, biotic, and topographic. of these, the biotic <br />factor is often the best single indicator since it is a manifestation of the <br />other three. Therefore, with minor exceptions, the Trapper Mine seed mix is <br />based upon the plant species on site prior to mining and species known to occur <br />in the area on similar sites. These species have proven their adaptation over <br />time to the specific site conditions and are therefore expected to succeed after <br />mining. <br /> <br />3-84 <br />REVISED FFB 13 '87