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Western Mining District 18-Left Shaft Site Baseline Soil Investigation <br />RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The 10- to 40-inch control section is normally clay or silty <br />clay, but percent of clay ranges from 35 to 60. Rock fragments range from 0 to 25 percent by <br />volume in the major part of the control section. They are mainly shale fragments of 1/2- to 3-inch <br />size. Cracks up to 1 inch or more wide occur when soils are dry for 100 to 150 days. Cracks <br />extend to depths of 20 or more inches. Slickensides that intersect are common to depths of 40 <br />inches. The mean annual soil temperature ranges from 43 to 47 degrees F., and the mean summer <br />soil temperature ranges from 55 to 59 degrees F. Depth to calcareous material ranges 0 to 20 <br />inches. <br />The A horizon has hue of 5Y through l OYR, value of 4 through 6 dry, and 4 or 5 moist, with <br />chroma of 2 through 4. Reaction is neutral through moderately alkaline. <br />The Bss horizon has hue of 5Y through l OYR, value of 4 through 7 dry, and 4 through 6 moist, <br />with chroma of 2 through 4. Reaction is mildly alkaline or moderately alkaline. <br />The Bk or C horizon has hue of 5Y through l OYR, value of 4 through 7 dry, 4 through 6 moist, <br />and chroma of 2 through 6. <br />COMPETING SERIES: These are the Aaberg (CO), Abor (MT), Barkof (MT), Bascovy (MT), <br />(T)Bickerdyke (MT), Bulkley (CO), Dutton (MT), Gerber (MT), Linnet (MT), Marias (MT), <br />Marvan (MT), and Styers (CO) series. All of these soils except Aaberg have mean annual <br />summer soil temperatures warmer than 59 degrees F. Aaberg and Styers soils have a paralithic <br />bedrock layer above 40 inches. <br />GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Binco soils are on alluvial fans and mountain foot slopes. Slopes <br />are 0 to 45 percent. The soil formed in alluvium, colluvium, and residuum, and is derived from <br />sedimentary rocks. Elevation is 7,200 to 8,200 feet. At the type location the mean annual <br />• precipitation ranges from 11 to 14 inches. In other colder areas it ranges to 18 inches. The mean <br />annual air temperature is 37 to 43 degrees F. The frost-free season is 35 to 65 days. <br />GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Aaberg soils and the <br />Waybe soils. Waybe soils are shallow to shale. <br />DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; medium runoff, slow permeability. <br />USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used principally for range and wildlife. Native <br />vegetation consists of wheatgrasses, Indian ricegrass, greasewood, and big sagebrush. <br />DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Mountainous areas of north-central Colorado. The series is <br />of minor extent. <br />MLRA OFFICE RESPONSIBLE: Lakewood, Colorado <br />SERIES ESTABLISHED: Grand County, Colorado, 1977. <br />REMARKS: Diagnostic features include a Bss horizon at 7 to 37 inches (Bss 1 and Bss2 <br />horizons). Last updated by the state 12/90. <br />Habitat Management, Inc. A3-2 01/15/2009