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<br />SOIL STIRVF,Y
<br />thought to typify the great group. An example is Typic
<br />Haplaquents.
<br />FAMILY. Families are established within a subgroup
<br />on the basis of similar physical and chemical propert.ies
<br />that affect management. Among the properties con-
<br />sidered in horizons of major biological activity below plow
<br />depth are particle-size distribution, mineral content, tem-
<br />perature regime, thickness of the soil penetrable by roots,
<br />consistence, moisture equivalent, soil slope, and per-
<br />manent cracks. A family name consists of the name of a
<br />subgroup and a series of adjectives. The adjectives are
<br />the class names for the soil properties used as family dif-
<br />ferentiae- An example is fine-loamy, mixed, nonacid,
<br />mesic, Typic Haplaquents.
<br />SERIES. The series consists of soils that formed in a
<br />particular kind of material and have horizons that, except
<br />for texture of the surface soil or of the underlying sub-
<br />stratum, are similar in differentiating characteristics and
<br />in arrangement in the soil profile. Among these charac-
<br />teristics are color, texture, structure, reaction, con-
<br />sistence, and mineral and chemical composition.
<br />Soil series and morphology
<br />In this section, each soil series recognized in the survey
<br />area is described in detail- The descriptions are arranged
<br />in alphabetic order by series name.
<br />Characteristics of the soil and the material in which it
<br />formed are discussed for each series. The soil is then
<br />compared to similar soils and to nearby soils of other se-
<br />ries. Then a pedon, a small three-dimensional area of soil
<br />that is typical of the soil series in the survey area, is
<br />described. The detailed descriptions of each soil horizon
<br />follow standards in the Soil Survey Manual (4). Unless
<br />otherwise noted, colors described are for moist soil.
<br />Following the pedon description is the range of impor-
<br />tant characteristics of the soil series in this survey area.
<br />Phases, or map units, of each soil series are described in
<br />the section "Soil maps for detailed planning."
<br />Adena series
<br />The Adena series consists of deep, well drained Bois
<br />that formed in calcareous eolian deposits. Adena soils are
<br />on plains. Slopes are 3 to 9 percent.
<br />Adena soils are near Colby and Weld soils. Colby soils
<br />lack a B horizon. Weld soils have a dark colored surface
<br />layer.
<br />Typical pedon of Adena loam in an area of Colby-Adena
<br />loams, 3 to 9 percent slopes, 2,150 feet south and 950 feet.
<br />west of northeast corner sec. 23, T. 1 N., R. 61 W.
<br />Ap--O to 6 inches; brown UOYR 5/3) loam, dark brown (10YR 4/3)
<br />moist; moderate fine granular structure; hard, very friable; neutral;
<br />abrupt smooth boundary:
<br />B2t-6 to 9 inches; brown (IOYR 6/3) clay loam, dark brown (10YR 4/3)
<br />moist; strong medium to fine prismatic structure parting to strong
<br />medium to fine angular blocky; very hard, firm; common moderately
<br />thick clay films on faces of peds; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
<br />B3ea_9 to 14 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) silt loam, brown
<br />(10YR 5/3) moist; moderate to weak coarse prismatic structure
<br />parting to moderate to weak medium subangular blocky; very hard,
<br />friable; few thin clay films on faces of pods; some visible time in
<br />medium soft masses; calcareous; moderately alkaline; gradual ir-
<br />regular boundary.
<br />Cca -14 to 60 inches; very pale brown 00YR 7/3) silt, loam, yellowish
<br />brown 00YR 5/4) moist; massive- slightly hand, very friable; some
<br />visible time in fine filaments or threads; calcareous; moderately al-
<br />kaline-Thickness of the solum ranges from 8 to 15 inches. Depth to free car-
<br />honates ranges from 5 to 10 itches.
<br />The A' horizon has value of 5 or ti dry and 3 or 4 moist and chroma of
<br />2 or 3. The RA horizon is commonly clay loam that: is 30 to 41) percent
<br />clay. The C horizon is commonly silt loam or loam.
<br />Altvan series
<br />The Altvan series consists of deep, well drained soil;
<br />that formed in material weathered from loamy alluvium
<br />underlain by sand and gravel. Altvan soils are on ter-
<br />races. Slopes are 0 to 3 percent.
<br />Altvan soils are similar to the Ascalon, Dacono, and
<br />Nunn soils and are near the Colombo soils. Ascalon and
<br />Colombo soils lack a sand and gravel C horizon between
<br />20 and 40 inches. Dacono and Nunn soils average more
<br />than 35 percent clay in the B horizon
<br />Typical pedon of Altvan loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes,
<br />1,850 feet. north and 2,450 feet west. of southeast corner
<br />sec. 27, T. 6 N., R. 67 W.
<br />Ap-o to 10 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam, dark brown (10YR
<br />3/3) moist; weak fine granular structure; hard, friable; 3 percent.
<br />gravel; Q;.areous; mildly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.
<br />R2t-10 to 20 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam, dark brown (IOYR
<br />4/3) moist; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to weak
<br />medium subangrilar blocky; very hard, faun; few thin clay films on
<br />faces of peds; 3 percent gravel; noncalcareous; mildly alkaline;
<br />abrupt wavy boundary.
<br />Btka--20 to 25 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 614) sandy clay
<br />loam, dark yellowteh brown QOYR 4/4) moist; weak coarse prismatic
<br />structure; hard, friable; very few thin clay films on faces of peds; 2
<br />percent gravel; some visible lime in fine seams and threads; calcare-
<br />ous; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
<br />C1--25 to 31 inches; pale brown 00YR 6/3) loamy sand, grayish brown
<br />(10YR 5/2) moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable; 10 percent
<br />gravel; raleareous; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
<br />IIC,'2--31 to 60 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly sand, brown
<br />(IOYR 5/3) moist; single grained; loose; 30 percent gravel; calcare-
<br />ous; mildly alkaline.
<br />Thickness of the solum ranges from 16 to 28 inches. Coanse fragments
<br />make up less than 10 percent of the solum Depth to free carbonates
<br />ranges from 16 to 24 inches. Depth W contrasting material ranges 20 to
<br />40 inches.
<br />The A horizon has value of 4 or 5 dry and 2 or 3 moist and chroma of
<br />2 or 3. The lilt horizon is commonly clay loam or sandy clay loam that is
<br />20 to 35 percent clay.
<br />Ascalon series
<br />The Ascalon series consists of deep, well drained soils
<br />that formed in alluvium. Ascalon soils are on upland hills
<br />and old terraces. Slopes are 0 to 9 percent.
<br />Ascalon soils are similar to the Altvan and Nunn soils
<br />and are near the Olney and Vona soils. Altvan soils have
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