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i• <br />TABLE 2.6 <br />Representative values for angle of internal friction ~ <br />Type of test' <br />Unconsolidated- Consolidated- Consolldated- <br />andrained, undralned, drained, <br />Soil U CU . CD <br />Gravel <br />Medium siu 40.55° 40-55° <br />Sandy 35-50° 35-50° <br />Smd <br />Loose dry 28-34° <br />Loose saturated 28-34° <br />Dense dry 35-46° 4}-50' <br />Drnse saturated 1-2° less then 43-50' <br />dean dry <br />Silt or silty smd <br />Loose ~ 20-22° 27-3G° <br />Detue 75-30° 30.35° <br />Clay 0°ifsaturated 3-20° ~ 20.42° <br />'Srs a bbotatory tnmual oa so0 testing fm s wmplete drsaiption afthtae tesb, ag., Bowles <br />• <br />(1992). <br />No Ka: <br />1. Use lager rdues m y increases. <br />L Use brger values for mon mgular patdclo. <br />3. Use 1ngQ viluea Cor well-graded sand and grovel mixtures (GW, SVl7. <br />0. Avenge values for gnveq, 35-38°; Banda, 32-34°. <br />Figure2-35 Correlation between d'' and plasticity index Io for normally consolidated (including marine) clays <br />Approximately 80 percrnt of data falls widrin one standard deviation. Only a few extreme scatty rdlues ate showtl <br />[Data from several sources: Ladd et aL (/977), Bjerrum and Simanr (1960), Xanja and Wolle (1977), Olsen et al: <br />(1986).) ~ ~~ <br />>; <br />e <br />e <br />1r1 <br />u <br />40 <br />30 ~~i \\~.~ Undisturbed clays <br />j ® ~~~ _ _ 1 Standard deviation <br />20 ~ i ~ ~_ ____.____ <br />Remolded <br />~~~ Residual clays <br />0 <br />n to ., ~n an an sn en ~n gn 9n <br />f„ percent <br /> <br />108 <br />~jGWlf.s~osrph C19ys)~~Fo~nGa~+v~~K~ys,s ~i,S ~esJN\ ~c~caw `~`i`` <br />