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<br />21.7 pounds of pure live seed per acre. To the extent possible, EFCI will <br />seed along the contour in order to establish liner contour line features <br />which help to break up sheet runoff and minimize the potential for rill <br />and gully erosion. <br />In areas where drill seeding is not practical due to the limited size of <br />the disturbance area or slope gradients which would limit normal equipment <br />operations, hydroseeding or broadcast seeding will be utilized. <br />Hydroseeding involves distribution of a mixture of seed, mulch and <br />tackifier over the area to be reseeded and can be effectively utilized on <br />relatively steep slopes where the mulch tackifier forms a protective <br />matrix which holds the seed on the slope until it can germinate and <br />establish. Where hydroseeding or broadcast seeding is utilized, seeding <br />rates will be increased to 34.4 pounds of pure live seed per acre for the <br />temporary seed mixture and 43.4 pounds of pure live seed per acre for the <br />permanent seed mixture, or twice the normal drill seeding rate. <br />Given that skunkbrush sumac is the only shrub specie included in the <br />permanent seed mixture, EFCI plans to utilize live seedling transplants <br />supplemented by live topsoil handling practices to re-establish adequate <br />shrub densities on reclaimed areas. <br />In order to re-establish adequate shrub densities on the permanent coal <br />refuse stockpile area, EFCI will transplant a total of four (4) trees and <br />12 shrubs per acre. Consistent with pre-disturbance vegetative densities, <br />EFCI will plant three (3) one-seeded junipers, one (1) ponderosa pine and <br />12 skunkbrush sumac seedlings per acre in the refuse pile area. In the <br />surface facilities area, woody shrub density will be re-established <br />through plantings of 25 trees, and 25 shrubs per acre. Transplanting in <br />the surface facilities area will consist of 15 one-seeded junipers, five <br />(5) ponderosa pines, four (4) pinyon pines, one (1) red cedar, 13 mountain <br />mahogany, and 12 skunkbrush sumac seedlings per acre. In the coal loadout <br />area, woody plant re-establishment efforts will focus on transplants of <br />one-seeded juniper at a rate of two (2) seedlings per acre. Current <br />surface owner fencing has proven effective in preventing livestock access <br />to mining disturbance areas, consequently, no additional protective <br />measures are considered necessary to prevent damage to reclamation <br />2.05.4-23 <br />