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20 SOII. SURVEY from grass and weeds are the principal hazards in establishing tree and shrub plantings Summer fallowing a year in advance in nonirrigated areas and continued cul- tivation for weed control are needed to insure establish- ment and survival of plantings Supplemental irrigation may be needed. Trees that are best suited and have good survival are Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern mdcedaz, ponderosa pine, Russian-olive, and haclcberry. The shrubs best suited are akunkbuah sumac, lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum Wrldlife is an important secondary use of this soil The cropland auras provide favorable habitat for ring-neclced pheasant and mourning dove. Many nongame species ran be attracted by.establiahing areas for nesting and escape cvver. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- tial and should be included in plena for habitat develop- ment, especially in areas of intensive agriculture. This soil is poorly suited to urban and recreational development because of the susceplibr7ity to flooding. Capab~7ity subclass IIw irrigated. 26-Haverson loam, I to 3 percent slopes Thia is a deep, well drained soil on low terraces and flood plains at elevations of 4,600 to 4,800 feet. It formed in stratified calcareous alluvium. Included in mapping are small areas of soils that have fine sandy loam and sandy loam under- lying material and small areas of soils that have sand and gravel within a depth of 40 inches. Typically the surface layer of this Haverson soil is grayish brown loam about 4 inches thick The underlying material to a depth of 60 inches is pale brown loam stratified with thin lenses of loamy sand and clay loam. Permeability is moderate. Available water capacity is high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or more. Surface runoff is slow to medium, and the erosion hazard is low. In irrigated areas this soil is suited to all crops com- monly grown in the azea, including corn, sugar beets, beans, alfalfa, small grain, potatoes, and onions. An exam- ple of a suitable crapping system is 3 to 4 years of alfalfa followed by corn, corn for silage, sugar beets, small grain, ar beans. Land leveling, ditch lining, and installing pipelines may be needed for proper water applications All methods of irrigation are suitable, but furrow ir- rigation is the most common. Barnyard manure and crom- mercial fertilizer are needed for top yields In nonirrigated auras this soil is suited to winter wheat, barley, and sorghum. Most of the acreage is planted to winter wheat The predicted average yield is 28 bushels per acre. The soil is summer followed in alternate years to allow moisture accumulation. Generally precipitation is too low for beneficial use of fertilizer. Stubble mulch farming, stripcropping, and minimum til- lage are needed to control soil blowing and water erosion Terracing also may be needed to control water erosion. The potential native vegetation is dominated by western wheatgrass. Blue grams, switchgrass, sand medgrass, big bluestem, slender wheatgrass, indiangrass, and green needlegrass are also present. Potential produc- tion ranges from 1,600 pounds per acre in favorable years to 1,000 pounds in unfavorable years. As range condition deteriorates, the tall grasses decrease, blue grams and buffalograss increase, and forage production drops. Un- desirable weeds and annuals invade the site and erosion can occur as range condition becomes poorer. Management of vegetation on this soil should be based on taking half and leaving half of the total annual produc- tion. Seeding is desirable if the range is in poor condition. Western wheatgrass, switchgrass, Band medgrass, sidecars grams, pubescent wheatgrass, intermediate wheatgrass, and blue grams are suitable for seeding. The grass selected should meet the seasonal requirements of livestock. It can be seeded into a £u~n prepared seedbed. A grass drill should be used. Seeding early in spring has proven most succesafuL Windbreaks and environmental plantings am well suited to this soil Flooding and moisture competition from grass and weeds are the principal hazards in establishing tree and shrub plantings Summer fallowing a year in advance in nonirrigated areas and continued cul- tivation for weed control are needed to insure establish- ment and survival of plantings Supplemental irrigation may be needed. Trees that are best suited and have good survival am Rocky Mountain juniper, eastern redcedaz, ponderosa pine, Russian-olive, and hackberry. The shrubs best suited are skunkbush sumac, lilac, Siberian peashrub, and American plum Wildlife is an important secondary use of this soil The cropland auras provide favorable habitat for ring-necked pheasant and mourning dove. Many aongame specles can be attracted by establishing areas for nesting and escape rnver. For pheasants, undisturbed nesting cover is essen- tial and should be included in plans for habitat develop- ment, especially in areas of intensive agricultum. Range- land wildlife, for example, the pronghorn antelope, can be attracted by developing livestock watering facilities, managing fivestoclc grazing, and reseeding where needed. This soil is poorly suited to urban and recreational development because of the susceptibility to flooding. Capability subclass IIe imgated, IVs nonirrigated; Loamy Plains range site. 27-Heldt silty clay, 1 to 3 percent slopes. This is a deep, moderately well drained soil on plains at elevations of 4,950 to b,050 feet It formed in alluvial sediment derived from shale. Included in mapping are small areas of so~7s that have a clay loam or silt loam subsoil and sub- stratum. Typically the surface layer is light brownish gray and light yellowish brown silty clay about 7 inches thick. The subsoil is light brownish gray silty clay about 27 inclres thick. The substrabAtn to a depth of 60 inches is silty clay. Permeability is slow. Available water capacity is high. The effective rooting depth is 60 inches or mom. Surface runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard is moderate. In irrigated auras this soil is suited to crops commonly grown in the aura, such as corn, sugar beets, beans, alfal- fa, and small grain The high clay content generally restricts some crops.