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• Bacl~illing and rough grading were completed using scrapers and dozers, ensuring all <br />activities were conducted in a controlled manner to minimize overburden compaction <br />and to enhance material stability. During the grading operation, if a concentration of <br />carbonaceous material was encountered as identified by the equipment operation, <br />overburden material was selectively placed away from the coal outcrop area, conveyed, <br />compacted, and segregated in an area above a potential near-surface aquifer. The <br />purpose is to prevent leaching of acid- and/or toxic-forming material into surface or <br />groundwater. <br />Topsoil Application -Reclaimed Mine Area <br />After the area was rough graded, suitable topsoil was distributed on the reclaimed <br />surface. Where feasible, final grading was done along the contour and mulched to <br />minimize erosion. After grading spoil to fmal grade, afarm-type, rubber-tired tractor <br />pulling a disc, harrower, cultipacker, and a drill seeder were used to complete <br />reclamation activities. <br />• When final grade was attained, contour furrows were constructed (Map 19), and the <br />overburden surface was scarified by tractor dozers with 24-inch scarifiers. Seven <br />contour furrows were constructed on the bacldilled mine area in order to mitigate <br />potential rill and gully impacts resulting from surface water runoff. Contour furrows <br />were located to intercept concentrated runoff from the long steep slopes where surface <br />water runoff is diverted and concentrated in furrows prior to eroding topsoil. In 1994 <br />and 1995 the seven contour furrows were reclaimed and reseeded with the approved <br />upland seed mix. Prior to reclamation, Sun Coal Company and CDMG staff <br />determined that the contour furrows had outlived their usefulness and were contributing <br />and concentrating runoff on the slope. <br />_During the initial field survey, topsoil samples were collected, composited, and <br />analyzed for fertility levels. In general, organic matter, pH, and potassium (I~ levels <br />were adequate. However, notrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were deficient in meeting <br />recommended fertility levels. Since this deficiencey was noted, 100 pounds (lbs.) per <br />acre of a mixture of nitrogen and superphosphate was applied to all disturbed areas to <br />balance the amounts of N and P available in the soil. <br />• <br />Mid-Term Review -319- Revised 4196 <br />