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12 the Great Basin. Grady's (1980) study of the Piceance • Basin demonstrated seasonal resource use tied to the migration of mule deer from the lowlands to the uplands. At the beginning of the Archaic stage (ca. 5500 to 3000 -, B.C.), the droughts associated with the Altithermal climatic episode (Antevs 1955) may have resulted in population increases in the mountains of Colorado as people moved out of the Great Basin .and Great Plains areas (Benedict and Olson 1978). Evidence of structural remains dating __ to Early Archaic times was discovered near Granby (Wheeler and Martin 1983). Of the 105 Archaic sites reported by Grady (1984) for northwestern Colorado, 19 have been assigned to the Early Archaic period. The majority of these are campsites. Four sites have yielded nine radiocarbon dates between 5595 and 3490 B.C. Site SRT139 in the Seneca II•mine area produced radiocarbon dates of 4480 and 3950 B.C. (Tucker 1981). The Middle Archaic period, from about 3000 to 1000 B.C., is well represented in the Yampa River Basin, with both Great Plains McKean complex artifacts and Great Basin Pinto type points having been noted (Arthur and Collins 1981). McKean complex points were recovered in Level 12 of Deluge Shelter in Dinasour National Monument (Leach 1970). Similar artiacts were found in Cultural Zones • 3 and 4 at the Lay Site on the Yampa River west of Craig, associated with hearth features radiocarbon dated between about 2320 and 2200 B.C (O'Neil 1980). Grady (1984) counted 22 Middle Archaic sites in northwest Colorado, the majority of which were camps or lithic scatters. The Late Archaic period, from about 1000 B.C. to A.D. 500, evidenced a higher site density than earlier periods, with 41 assigned occupations for northwestern Colorado. This is reflected in the number of radiocarbon dates, with 21 sites yielding 44 dates between 950 B.C. and A.D. 375. Again camps and lithic scatters dominate the site types (Grady 1984). Late Archaic sites in Routt National Forest are typified by Great Basin point styles, such as the Elko-Eared type (ward-Williams and Foster 1977). At Deluge Shelter Elko-Eared points were found within Levels 11 and 10, estimated to date to 1500 B.C. (Leach 1970). Elko series-like points were also recovered from the Lay site, but were thought to be associated with a cultural zone dated to A.D. 650 (O'Neil 1980). Late Archaic points were found at site SRT385 in the Seneca II mine area (Linnabery and Evans 1963). The Formative stage is defined by evidence of horticulture, reflecting a more sedentary lifeway, with the presence of ceramics and projectile point technology evolving to • the use of bow and arrow. In northwestern Colorado the Fremont culture appeared during the Formative stage.