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planting will be done after snowmelt end when soils have sufficiently dried out to allcw • <br />equipment to operate without bogging or destroying soil physical conditions. Spring seeding <br />will be Completed by June i. In late winter years, seeding may be delayed until fall. Fall <br />seeding will be conducted from September until approximately November 15. <br />Seeding will be accomplished by drill seeding, broadcast seeding, or in specit~l <br />circumstances, hydroseeding. Drill seeding is the preferred seeding method. A rangeland <br />type drill equipped with several seed boxes for seeding large/small or trashy/smooth seeds <br />will be used for all drill seeding. A hand broadcaster will be used on steep slopes or areas <br />too small for drill seeding operations. Hydroseeding will be considered as an opt ion:rl <br />method for steep slope reclamation. The seeding rate in both broadcast and hydroseed <br />applications will be approximately double the drill seeding rate. Hydroseeding will Ire <br />followed by application of 2000 pounds per acre of virgin fibre hydromulch and L00 poun<is <br />per acre of an organic tacking agent. <br />Surface Stabilization. The planting of a cover crop of barley or winter wheat will be fire <br />principle means of surface stabilization during establishment of perennial vegetative cover. <br />The seeding rate will be approximately 20 pounds per acre. Straw mulching is not being <br />considered for the following reasons. Past experience has shown that regionally available <br />straw is a considerable source of weedy species, particularly noxious weeds such as Cene<ie <br />thistle (Cirsium arvense). The cover crop end seed mixes ere capable of establishing an <br />effective vegetative cover during the first growing season. <br />Reseeding of Previously Seeded Areas. All seeded areas will be monitored for success of <br />perennial vegetation establishment. Soil Conservation Service (SCS) technical guides <br />recommend that a minimum of two years should be allowed to pass before declaring a stand e <br />failure. If monitoring finds low vegetative cover and poor perennial plant density in file <br />second growing season, the area will be reseeded using the appropriate seed mix. <br />Weed end Pest Control. A number of noxious weeds commonly occur in the region surrounding <br />the permit area. During operation of the loadout facility and rail loop/spur periodic <br />monitoring will be conducted for noxious weed infestations. Reclaimed areas will I>e <br />monitored in a similar fashion. If noxious weeds have established at a level sufficient <br />to cause an infestation or detrimental impacts to the reclaimed vegetation, a weed control <br />program using herbicides will be implemented. A number of herbicides ere available for <br />control of those noxious weeds which have the potential to become established in the permit <br />6 <br />