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seed mixture. The two ~eptions to mechanical seeding~e areas which are <br />' live handled and those which are broadcast seeded. In the live handled <br />parcels, an adequate supply of viable seed reserves exist in- the topsoil <br />such that accessory seeding is not necessary. Concerning broadcast seeding, <br />some areas are steep enough so as to exclude drill seeding operations. With <br />all seeding techniques, the seed mixtures contain several species which. <br />establish relatively quickly and thus supply initial stabilization to the. <br />topsoil. Following drill seeding or live-topsoiling, either contour furrows <br />are inscribed or the topsoil is ripped. When properly constructed, contour <br />furrows have proven to be very effective in reducing overland flow, thus <br />preventing excessive rilling and gullying. General guidelines for the <br />construction for contour furrows are presented in the discussion following <br />the Permanent Drainageways Construction and Maintenance Plan of this' <br />exhibit. In areas where slopes are 4:1 or less, soil ripping may be the <br />major stabilization technique. When the topsoil is ripped, a minimum of <br />three shanks will be moved across the reclamation along the contour. <br />Distance between rip marks will not exceed ten (10) feet. The 'resulting <br />rips will facilitate increased water absorption, thus decreasing the amount <br />of water available for overland flow. <br />Variances to the normal soil stabilization plan of chisel plowing, <br />seeding and contour furrowing or ripping, have been allowed for steep slopes <br />such as in Area 1. As approved by the 7 January 1986, and 6 December 1982 <br />submittals, soil stabilization for these areas consists of tracking up and <br />down the slope with a dozer and then aerial seeding or broadcast seeding at <br />twice the rate of drill seeding. <br />Diversion ditches may also be a component of the soil stabilization <br />plan, depending on the resulting post mining topography. Guidelines for <br />diversion ditch construction will be similar to those of permanent <br />drainageways which are found on pages 28-13 through 28-15. However, in some <br />cases, diversion ditches will be V-bottom rather than flat-bottom to <br />facilitate snow removal. Past experience indicates V-bottom ditches can be <br />more easily cleared of snow in the spring than flat-bottom ditches. <br />Concerning the soil stabilization practice of mulching, CYCC no longer <br />• uses mulch. With the approval of the 16 May 1985 minor revision, the <br />Division acknowledged other CYCC reclamation techniques serve the same <br />purpose as mulch application-. The one notable exception where "mulch" is <br />28-3 <br />