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• percent slopes. The soils mapping unit description reports that the Louviers <br />unit which composed 40 percent of this mapping unit complex, is classified <br />as a "very channery clay loam". The textural modifier "very channery" <br />denotes that the rock fragment content of these soils is greater than 35 <br />percent but less than 60 percent rock fragments in the control section. This <br />soil is obviously the most common soil on this site, yet of the 27 soil pits <br />dug by the SCS in this area, only one pit has a notation suggesting rock <br />fragments this high. This apparent discrepancy appears to be easily <br />reconciled by the fact that the SCS pit notations do not consistently report <br />gravel content. <br />Field notes taken during the present sampling effort revealed that the <br />colluvial derived soils (mapped by the SCS as being the Louviers Series) have <br />approximately 50 percent surface rock with the rocks concentrated in the top <br />foot of the soil. The A horizon zone (4-6 inches deep) contains <br />approximately 15-25 percent cobbles and stones, while the C horizon (greater <br />than 6 inches) contains approximately 10-15 percent cobbles and stones. <br />There is very little gravel sized rock present in these materials. The shale <br />derived soils (mapped by the SCS as being the Louviers Series) have <br />approximately 50 percent surface stoniness. The A horizon (4-6 inches deep) <br />contains approximately 15 percent rock fragments with essentially no rocks <br />below the A horizon (6 inches). Rock fragments present on these soils appear <br />to have been deposited by erosional processes from up the slope. The <br />sandstone derived soils (mapped by the SCS as the Travessilla series) have <br />approximately 30 percent surface stoniness. The A horizon (4-6 inches deep) <br />• contains approximately 40 percent cobbles and stones with an almost equally <br />high level of gravels. The C horizon materials (greater than 6 inches) <br />generally contain 80 percent cobbles and stones with approximately equal <br />parts gravel and fines. <br />The Wyoming Guidelines for topsoil substitutes, suggest that all of <br />these materials would have varying limitations as potential cover soil <br />materials due to their rock fragment content. This comparison ignores the <br />presently high rock fragment content of the "natural' soils of this area <br />which have been stockpiled and which will be reapplied at the time of final <br />reclamation. <br />The potential cover materials have limitations with respect to rock <br />fragment content and corresponding available water holding capacity. When <br />compared to the surrounding undisturbed soils, these refuse cover materials <br />possess more favorable characteristics with respect to rack fragment content <br />and thus should pose no problems for such use. <br />Since moisture is the most limiting factor influencing reclamation <br />success in the west, the rock fragment content of these potential cover soil <br />materials may be inferior to the refuse materials. It may well be that the <br />refuse materials do not need four feet of cover. They may actually be better <br />suited than the existing soil materials found in this area. <br />Miscellaneous Parameters. Several of the parameters in the Colorado <br />Guidelines do not have suspect levels listed in either the Wyoming or New <br />Mexico Guidelines. Parameters included in this category include Cd, Cu, Pb, <br />Hg, and Zn. No suggested suitability values for Fe, Mn and Total Combustible <br />Solids were found in the technical literature so these parameters were not <br />. addressed in the following evaluation. The suspect level for Cd is given by <br />Schafer (]979) as being 1.0 ppm. All of the overburden and bench samples <br />were found to have values below this level. Therefore, all of the materials <br />tested appear to have suitable Cd values as potential reclamation materials. <br />The suspect level for Cu is given by Sutton et. al. (1981) as 30 ppm. The <br />