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I1 <br />f5 2 8 <br />The mines boomed during World War I as demands for steel <br />intensified. Economic conditions in the region generally <br />r improved throughout the first two decades of the twentieth <br />I' century. Mobility improved as autos and trucks arrived in the <br />area and increased in number. The construction of telephone <br />~. lines improved communication. <br />Modernization (1920-1940) <br />~ Coal mining remained the economic mainstay of the region <br />throughout the 1920s. A brief but severe industrial depression <br />in 1921 encouraged CF ~ I to consider rolling employee wages <br />back. A miner's strike in 1922 over this issue was effective in <br />preventing the wage rollback. Technological changes also began <br />to affect employment patterns. The development of electric <br />haulage equipment reduced the need for ordinary "miners" and <br />forced many workers out of jobs. The Great Depression <br />exacerbated this situation as demand for metallurgical (coking) <br />coal declined. Many mines, including the Primero Mine were <br />closed at this time. <br />The United Mine Workers (UMW) organized the Raton Basin mine <br />workers in 1934, and CF 6 I finally recognized the union. This <br />achievement, coupled with the establishment of public schools and <br />the success of Federal Wok programs (Civilian Conservation Corps, <br />Works Progress Administration, and the Civil Works <br />Administration), helped to break down ethnic barriers in the <br />region. World War II brought a resurgence of mining activity and <br />improved economic conditions which have lasted until the most <br />recent slump in demand for coking coal. <br />KBTHODB <br />:.ti <br />As stated in the Introduction, the purpose of this study is to <br />predict the kinds and numbers of cultural resources that might <br />-=~ ~ be Pound in the Golden Eagle Mine permit revision area. This <br />'`` goal will not be achieved through an actual, on-the-ground survey <br />of the area; rather, this prediction is formulated on the basis <br />of historic data. That is, we examine the results of <br />archaeological and historic surveys in the region to determine <br />the parameters of aboriginal and historic settlement and <br />f extrapolate those results to the project area. Because we are <br />L. concerned with both prehistoric and historic resources, specific <br />methods differ by class of resources. These methods are <br />described below by class. <br />L~ <br />HISTORIC METHODS <br />Several sources of information were used to document historic <br />resources in the project area. The completeness and accuracy oP <br />